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The Western civilization has continued to evolve to be what it is today tracing its roots back to the fall of the Roman Empire. Western civilization has continued to flourish up to the present era in the whole of Europe, New Zealand, North America and Australia.The years between 1300-1500 are always classified as the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance. One memorable phenomena of this era was the “Black Plague” or Black Death, a bubonic plague outbreak that wiped close to a 1/3 of Europe’s population. The plague was rated as one of the most deadly pandemics in the history of mankind. This is because almost 75million people across the world lost their lives with the biggest number of victims being found in Europe where close to 50 million people died. The results of the plague encouraged a radical transformation of the economy and the European society at large. There was an obvious shortage of labor providing a fertile ground for economic diversification and innovation in technology. This period was a very tough period in Europe; there was famine and pestilence, which would lead to the capital accumulation intensification in the urban areas, stimulating the growth of trade and industryThe Protestant Reformation played a very important role in the transformation not only on the dominance of the Catholic Church but the whole of Europe as well. The Reformation came about because the Catholic Church then, wielded so much power that it had become so wealthy and corrupt. This made the likes of Martin Luther revolt in1517 against this authority. His ideas would spread so quickly fueling the flames of Protestantism across Europe, which would eventually bear the fruits of the nation-state. Leaders like Henry VIII used these ideas to break away from the yoke of the Catholic Church.The invention of the movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450 enable the ideas to be printed ant transmitted much faster than before greatly influencing the printing of the Bible and would help the development of academic freedomDuring the 14th century the influence of feudalism system was declining giving way to the influence of the middle class in Europe. The middle-class was normally defined as the social class that fell between the nobility on one hand and the peasantry on the other. This class consisted of people with some form of economic independence, and included professionals and merchants some farmers, skilled workers and bureaucrats. This class lacked great social and political powerAlthough nowadays it is fashionable to speak about the equality of all the nations, civilizations and ways of development or even of the inferiority of the Western Civilization in what concerns its relations with other cultures, for example, the Chinese one, to my mind, these opinions are based on either lack of knowledge on the subject or some kind of intellectual masochism that modern decadent Westerners seem to be so keen on displayingWestern civilization is based on a number of features that have been present in this or that culture for about two thousand years by now, becoming more and more distinctly expressed each time they were inherited by a new civilization. They defined the Greek civilizations that has emerged in the first millennium BC, then were transferred to the Romans who in turn brought this way of thinking across the territory of modern Europe, which many nations accepted and went on carrying it. It characterized many countries of medieval and Renaissance Europe, specifically England, and was finally transferred to the United States of America, making it one of its most prominent heirsThe spiritual basis of the Western Civilization lies in individualism, that presupposes that the individual is more important than the crowd, in the idea of progress and belief in it; in practical approach to existence, in the idea that reality can and ought to be changed, that history has the beginning and the end and that a human being is not a piece of paper drifting down by the stream of life, but in fact someone that is capable of changing himself and everything around him.If we take a look on the way of development of different cultures, we’ll see that they all stopped in their progress sooner or later and never moved on until dying out or being destroyed or altered by some other civilization. Only the Western civilization is different – it progressed and developed all the time, infused its own spirit in other nations and went on, not always in the some people, but always intact. Modern amazing success of the Chinese and Japanese is explained not by the fact that they belong to some specific civilization and it makes them successful – it is explained by the fact that they both, though to different degrees, accepted Western values. Until the middle of the 19th century Japan was a backwater country that stopped to develop several centuries before – several decades after it has accepted Capitalism it managed to defeat enormous Russian Empire in a war; the same now happens in China

Category:	History
Offered Price:	$10.00
Due Date:	21 December 2020, 19:12
Added:	21 December 2020, 13:00

Price:	10.00
Added:	21 December 2020, 22:02
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