BIOLOGY

Question

Explain Mitosis in detail and it's phases.

ramees · Answer

please find attachment for the same
Mitosis, a process of cell duplication, or reproduction during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Strictly applied, the term mitosis is used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information.

Dr.Statistics · Answer

ajohnston · Answer

Mitosis consists of five phases--prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Sometimes, the prometaphase and metaphase phases are combined so that there are only a total of four phases.In prophase, the chromatin starts to condense into chromosomes. Spindles start to form from the centrosomes as they migrate toward opposite poles. The nuclear envelope also starts to break down in this phase. In prometaphase, sometimes also called late prophase, the nuclear envelope continues to break down, and the chromosomes continue to condense and become visible with a light microscope. Kinetochores appear at the centromeres of the chromosomes in this phase. Mitotic spindles, which are microtubules, reach out from the centrosomes at the poles and attach to the kinetochores on the chromosomes' centromeres. In metaphase, the spindles guide the chromosomes until they align in the middle of the cell in what is called the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids in each chromosome are attached to spindles originating from opposite poles. This is where the principle of random assortment is visualized (even though this principle applies to meiosis and not mitosis) because the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate in random order. In anaphase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart and toward opposite poles. The spindle microtubules also begin to pull the cell into a more oval-like shape, elongating it in preparation for cytokinesis. In telophase, a few things happen. The chromosomes, previously called sister chromatids until they were separated, reach the poles and start to decondense back into chromatin. The previously dissolved nuclear envelope starts to reform around each of the new chromosome sets. The mitotic spindles continue to elongate the cell while the spindle fibers begin breaking down. These are the phases of mitosis. The phases of prometaphase and metaphase are sometimes condensed into one large phase that is just called metaphase. After mitosis, the cell undergoes a full splitting event called cytokinesis, in which two identical daughter cells are formed.

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