What are the states of matter in science?

Question

sbanerjee · Answer

Matter is the "stuff" that makes up the universe &mdash; everything that occupies room and has mass is matter. 
All matter is comprised of particles, which are thusly comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons. 
The seven phases of matter : 
There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates.The sixth state is the Quark-gluon plasma. The seventh state is the Degenerate matter.
1.Solids:
In a Solid, particles are stuffed firmly together so they don't move a lot. The electrons of every particle are always moving, so the iotas have a little vibration, yet they are fixed in their position. Along these lines, particles in a strong have low motor vitality. Solids have a clear shape, just as mass and volume, and don't fit in with the state of the holder where they are set. Solids likewise have a high thickness, implying that the particles are firmly pressed together. 
2.Fluids:
In a fluid, the particles are more inexactly pressed than in a strong and can stream around one another, giving the fluid an uncertain shape. In this manner, the fluid will fit in with the state of its holder. Much like solids, fluids (the vast majority of which have a lower thickness than solids) are extraordinarily hard to pack. 
3.Gases:
In a gas, the particles have a lot of room among them and have high dynamic vitality. A gas has no positive shape or volume. On the off chance that unconfined, the particles of a gas will spread out uncertainly; whenever limited, the gas will grow to fill its holder. At the point when a gas is put under strain by diminishing the volume of the holder, the space between particles is decreased and the gas is compacted. 
4.Plasma:
Plasma is anything but a typical condition of matter here on Earth, however it might be the most widely recognized condition of matter known to man, as per the Jefferson Laboratory. Stars are basically superheated wads of plasma. Plasma comprises of profoundly accused particles of very high motor vitality. The respectable gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) are regularly used to make gleaming signs by utilizing power to ionize them to the plasma state. 
5.Bose-Einstein condensate: 
The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) was made by researchers in 1995. Utilizing a mix of lasers and magnets, Eric Cornell and Carl Weiman, researchers at the Joint Institute for Lab Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado, cooled an example of rubidium to inside a couple of degrees of outright zero. At this incredibly low temperature, atomic movement verges on halting. Since there is no dynamic vitality being moved starting with one iota then onto the next, the iotas start to bunch together. There are never again a huge number of discrete molecules, only one "super iota." A BEC is utilized to examine quantum mechanics on a naturally visible level. Light seems to back off as it goes through a BEC, enabling researchers to ponder the molecule/wave mystery. A BEC additionally has a considerable lot of the properties of a superfluid, or a liquid that streams without contact. BECs are additionally used to recreate conditions that may exist in dark openings. 
6.Quark-gluon plasma:The condition of matter with the most elevated vitality level. It is essentially the structure squares of matter existing in a soup looking like conditions soon after the Universe was made. 
7.Degenerate matter: The exceptionally packed condition of matter which regularly exists in the centers of monstrous stars. The center's gas is too compacted and the essential wellspring of weight is never again warm, yet quantum.
Going through a phase: Including or expelling energy from matter causes a physical change as matter moves starting with one state then onto the next. For instance, including warm energy (heat) to fluid water makes it become steam or fume (a gas). What's more, expelling energy from fluid water makes it become ice (a strong). Physical changes can likewise be brought about by movement and weight.

Marco_Zane · Answer

in science, the states of matter refer to the distinct forms that different phases of matter can take. the most commonly recognized states are:

1. **solid**: 
   - particles are tightly packed together in a fixed structure.
   - solids have a definite shape and volume.
   - particles vibrate in place but do not move freely.

2. **liquid**:
   - particles are close together but not in a fixed position, allowing them to flow.
   - liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

3. **gas**:
   - particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.
   - gases have neither a definite shape nor volume, expanding to fill their container.

4. **plasma**:
   - a high-energy state where gas particles are ionized (electrons are separated from nuclei).
   - found in stars, lightning, and neon signs.
   - conducts electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.

5. **bose-einstein condensate (bec)**:
   - a state that occurs at temperatures near absolute zero.
   - particles lose individual identity and behave as a single quantum entity.

6. **fermionic condensate**:
   - similar to bec but involves fermions (particles like electrons) instead of bosons.
   - found in systems like ultracold gases.

additional states of matter have been theorized or observed under specific conditions, such as:

- **superfluid**: a phase of matter that flows without viscosity, observed in helium at very low temperatures.
- **supersolid**: combines properties of a solid and superfluid.
- **quark-gluon plasma**: a high-energy state theorized to exist shortly after the big bang, where quarks and gluons are free.

these states arise due to changes in temperature, pressure, and other physical conditions.

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What are the states of matter in science?

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