World History

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What distinctive types of third-wave civilizations emerged in Eurasia between 500 and 1300?

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What distinctive types of third-wave civilizations emerged in Eurasia between 500 and 1300?Third wave civilizations are those which arose between 500 and 1300CE, or between the end of the Classical Era and the beginning of modern world history. While civilizations can be considered from multiple different views by looking at how they have arisen and their trajectory we can classify them into different types.The first of these are civilizations that developed where none had previously existed. One example of this is the Swahili civilization. While there had been small cities and trading centers on the Swahili Coast from 200-300CE, a clear civilization started taking shape from 800CE when the famous Indian Ocean trade began. This trade with multiple other African and Asian civilizations lead to prosperity and development of wealthy trading centres such as Mogadishu and Mombasa. Other examples include Angkor in Cambodia and the Heian period in Japan, considered Japan's Golden Age.The next type are new states which claimed a direct or indirect historical link with a previous state.  This can lend legitimacy, culture and structure to what was a new civilization and in some ways can be seen as an early parallel to the successor states of the early 20th century. Examples of these are found most readily in Europe, such as the feudal successors to the Greco-Roman civilizations. These drew heavily on the cultural traditions and religion of their predecessors despite clearly being distinctive new civilizations.Next are those which were Classical Civilizations and remained, be it in a form that means they were now better classified as third wave civilizations. The Byzantinium Civilization is an obvious example of this. Middle Byzantium is a key example of a thrd wave civilization with its diverse and often extravagant religiously based art forms, trade and attempts to expand its territory, particularly regaining lost land. The civilization developed in both art form, religion and government with clearly defined and expanded governmental structures.Finally the Arab Empire was unlike other third wave civilizations for multiple reasons.  Islam spread across Asia, Africa and part of Europe from Mecca in the years following Muhammed's death in 632CE.  The Arab Empire's spread was unlike any previously as the driving force for its expansion was religion.  It spread quickly, soon reaching and overwhelming cities noted for their trade significance such as Cairo, Aleppo, Istanbul and Timbutuku. With trade centers having been conquered, the religion spread quickly along traditional trade routes such as the Silk Road. It soon encompassed nearly a quarter of the world, melding with and conquering numerous small and existing cultures.While the key features of third world civilizations taking from the old and creating something new focused on trade, expansion and religion can be seen in all of these types they are also distinctive in how they were formed and thus how they impacted the regions around them.References:Brooks, Sarah. “Byzantium (ca. 330–1453).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm (originally published October 2001, last revised October 2009)"Civilizations in Africa", Washington State University, accessed 22/07/2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20110104101925/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/SWAHILI.HTM Smart, Ninian and Frederick Denny. "Spread of Islam, The." In Atlas of the World’s Religions, Second Edition. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. 21-Jul-2016. .

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