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English Assignment (violence against women in Turkey)
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//ABISOURCE//DTD XHTML plus AWML 2.2//EN" "http://www.abisource.com/2004/xhtml-awml/xhtml-awml.mod"><div> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:awml="http://www.abisource.com/2004/xhtml-awml/"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> Abiword HTML Document </title> </head> <body> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;color:#000000"></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;color:#000000"></span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;color:#000000">School of Languages (ScOLa)</span><span style="color:#000000"></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;color:#000000">Undergraduate English Programme</span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </body> <div> <p> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%;border:0.50pt solid;border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;table-layout:fixed"> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">PROBLEM SOLUTION PAPER</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Submission II</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Submitted by:</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Section:</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Submitted to:</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Word Count: 2139</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Date:</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <h1 id="AbiTOC0" awml:style="heading 1"> </h1> <h1 id="AbiTOC1" awml:style="heading 1"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Violence Against Women in Turkey</span> </h1> <p> </p> <h1 id="AbiTOC2" awml:style="heading 1"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">I.Problem Statement</span> </h1> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Gender based violence is violence committed a person because of his/her sex or gender. There are different types of gender-based violence such as physical violence, sexual violence, emotional/psychological violence, domestic violence and harmful practices such as forced child marriages and female circumcision. Violence against women can be defined as oppressive acts against their personality and being. Violence against women has been one of the most prevalent issues around the world and is a problem faced by many countries globally. In Turkey violence against women has been prevalent over the past few decades. Using the demographic scale for domestic violence against women it was determined that 41.3% of women experience domestic violence, and most of them are experiencing these experiences from their spouses. The violence ranges from verbal, emotional, and physical abuse.). In Turkey 42% of women aged between 15 and 60 years have suffered either physical or sexual abuse or either from their husbands or partners (Tekkas Kerman & Betrus, 2018).</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">According to the Police data report in May 2020, 81 women were killed in Turkey. This has been attributed to the rising cases of violence against women in the country. A recent case is the murder of a seventeen-year-old girl by her ex-boyfriend and the killing of 27-year-old student Pinar Gültekin at the hands of her former boyfriend. This problem has continued to persist throughout the year and is predicted to get worse. In 2020 was recorded to have the highest rate of women murders and violence against women in the past decade amounting to 474 women. These women were killed mostly by their partners and relatives (Turkey, 2020). These numbers are expected to rise due to the lockdowns enforced by the government due to the Coronavirus. Violence against women in Turkey can be attributed to the following factors;</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Education- women with lower education levels are at a greater risk of experiencing violence while those that are educated are less likely to experience violence (Basar & Demirci, 2018). Societal discrimination and traditional beliefs on the role of women has affected their ability to take advantage of the education and employment opportunities (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';background:#ffffff">Yıldız, 2010)</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">. Many families also deny their children the chance to attend school in the hope that they will marry them off for a considerable bride price. In Turkey women constitute only 36% of all professional and technical workers, and only 9% of all legislators, senior officials and managers.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Addiction-The use of drugs and alcohol are both risk factors and an outcome of violence against women. Alcohol interferes with one cognitive process especially social cognition. It has been suggested that alcohol and drug abusers tend to be more aggressive and violent. Men under the influence of alcohol often misperceive neutral cues as a suggestive gesture of sexual interest and if denied or ignored by a woman or if a woman is unwilling it often leads to violence. Some researchers have attributed violence against women from having a childhood history of abuse or trauma. Children who have a history of abuse or trauma are more likely to experience or perpetrate violence in the future</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Relationship satisfaction and marital conflict -Low relationship satisfaction is a risk factor for VAW (violence against women) for both men and women. This maybe be caused by status differences, unwillingness to grant sex, gender roles, cultural roles, emotional abuse, economic difference.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Forced or arranged marriages – as much as this is a culturally accepted tradition in turkey, it forms a basis for most of the domestic violence cases. This practice is dominant in Eastern Turkey where about 60% of the marriages were arranged by family members without the consent of the woman. According to Tekkas Kerman & Betrus (2018), Turkish women in arranged or forced marriages are 1.6 times more likely to experience violence during the marriage. Such practices limit the control women have other their lives because of pressure from the society and their families. This also denies them the respect they deserve as independent beings. Lacking control over their lives and societal pressure makes women vulnerable to violence and harsh treatment from their husbands and spouses.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Other factors that have been considered include having multiple partners, poverty, lack of social support, lack of employment opportunities, male chauvinism(nationalism), cultural practices, and the acceptance of violence against women as part of normal life.</span> </p> <p> </p> <h1 id="AbiTOC3" awml:style="heading 1"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">II. Consequences of Violence Against Women in Turkey.</span> </h1> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Violence against women in Turkey causes long-term or short-term mental and physical problems for the victim. Short-term effects of violence include minor injuries and in other instances it may lead to severe problems ("Health effects of violence", 2020). The injuries include bruises on the parts of the body, cuts, broken bones, and injuries in body organs outside and inside the body. Some injuries are hard to see and identify because they are internal and require the use of x-rays and scans by a doctor. Women also face sexual violence and the short-term effects include vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and trouble sleeping due to constant nightmares.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">The long-term effects of violence cause severe health problems for women. Violence against Turkish women causes occurrences of heart problems, digestive problems and migraine headaches. It also leads to stress which in the long term leads to depression which in turn causes a lot of problems with the immune system ("Health effects of violence", 2020). Violence leads to PTSD which is a result of experiencing a traumatic experience such as violence. With PTSD, the victim may feel on edge, and often experience angry outbursts. Also, a victim may have anxiety which is a sudden feeling of intense fear and it may get worse.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Trying to cope with the effects of violence may be difficult making a lot of Turkish women vulnerable to using drugs and alcohol to cope with the issues of forgetting ("Health effects of violence", 2020). Victims also have trouble accepting themselves and engage in unhealthy eating patterns and eating disorders.</span> </p> <p> </p> <h1 id="AbiTOC4" awml:style="heading 1"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">III. Existing Solutions</span> </h1> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">In an effort to curb and reduce violence against women, the Turkish government adopted the 2001 council of Europe convention on gender-based violence and domestic violence which was aimed at protecting victims and effectively prosecuting perpetrators of violence against women. This has put up measures in place to deter and punish violence against women have helped reduce the number of violence against women cases (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';background:#ffffff">McQuigg, 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">. The convention also designed policies, frameworks and measures to provide support and assistance to organizations and law enforcement agencies to effectively co-operate in order to adopt an integrated approach towards eliminating violence against women and domestic violence. It also contains detailed provisions on the measures that state parties should adopt in regard to the provision of social support measures to victims and the raising of awareness within the society as a whole on issues related to domestic violence (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';background:#ffffff">McQuigg, 2014)</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">. Despite advantages that this has to the Turkish government in regard to fighting violence against women the adoption of the convention has its weaknesses. There might be a problem with the enforcement all the convention. The implementation will affect all the united nation human rights treaties. This is due to the inconsistent implementation of international human rights laws. In general, there is no real method or way of forcing a state to alter their but instead they have to attempt to persuade nation to comply for the convention’s obligations. The government also set up organizations that prevent harassment and violence against women and children. An example of such an organization is the woman support implementation (KADES).</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Cooperate social Responsibility - Corporate companies have also joined in the fight against gender-based violence by making it part of their corporate social responsibility. An example is the Turkcell corporate social responsibility (women developers of the future) which involves providing education scholarships to girls and women in rural areas. They educate women on software and development of mobile applications to increase employment and entrepreneurship amongst women. As much as this program offers opportunities to girls in rural areas it is limited to specific locations and certain periods therefore not all women are able to access this program</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Non-governmental organizations have also played a crucial role in the fight against gender-based violence. The “Mor Çatı” foundation was established in 1990 as an effort to combat violence against women. It provides psychological and legal support and shelter to women who have experienced domestic violence. The “Mor Çatı” foundation also opened shelter services in 2009 and has a capacity of 18 beds and at the moment. This Foundation also aims at making women independent and free and equal conditions.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Businesses and enterprises have also been set up to solve this issue.The KAMER foundation was established in 1984 to fight discrimination, violence, and structural hierarchy. It creates awareness on gender violence through workshops, emergency Support programs and women entrepreneurship. In 2004 they launched the “An Opportunity for Every Woman” Project that was aimed at opening women centres that would work for women’s human rights in all 23 provinces of Eastern and South-eastern Anatolia where violence against women is prevalent.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">As much as these Solutions exist, we must try to solve this problem by starting from its roots. This will involve discouraging some of the cultural practices such as forced or arranged marriages educating the community on the dangers of violence against women and creating economic and educational opportunities for women. Women should be encouraged to pursue their education to completion, to increase the chances of employment.</span> </p> <p style="text-align:justify"> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">III. Appendix</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Existing Solutions Chart</span> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%;border:0.50pt solid;border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;table-layout:fixed"> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Solution Player/Method</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Name/Title</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Brief info. about the organization</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Which SDG(s) addressed</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Activities</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Strengths</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Weaknesses</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">1.Government (GO)</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Woman Support İmplementation (KADES)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">The official application offered to users in order to prevent the bad acts such as violence and harassment of women and children.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">5</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Offers protection to women facing violence by contacting the nearest police through a mobile application.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">It is easy to use</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">It is timely and effective (reliable)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">It might be difficult to use for persons that are not conversant with the technology.</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Reference(s)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="6" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Başkanlığı, T. (2020). Kadın Destek Uygulaması (KADES). Icisleri.gov.tr. Retrieved 24 July 2020, from</span><a href="https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kadin-destek-uygulamasi-kades"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kadin-destek-uygulamasi-kades</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">.</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">2.Non-governmental Organization (NGO)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Woman Shelter Foundation</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Mor Çatı the fight against male violence is carried out based on feminist methods and it is aimed that women can live a free and equal life, free from gender-based discrimination and male violence.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">5, 4, 10</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Counseling women.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Counseling workshops.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Volunteer workshops</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Offering shelter to affected women.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Global awareness of the dangers and effects of gender-based violence</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Offers shelter to affected women</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Follow up on affected women and their progress</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Their solutions are feminist based.</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Reference(s)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="6" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Mor Cati Women's Shelter Foundation - Mor Çatı Women's Shelter Foundation. Mor Çatı Women's Shelter Foundation. (2020). Retrieved 24 July 2020, from</span><a href="https://en.morcati.org.tr/"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">https://en.morcati.org.tr/</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">.</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">3. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Turkcell, (2020) Women Developers of the Future.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">project for women to have equal access to information and provide solutions for their equal participation in society.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">5, 4, 10.9</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">educate women regarding software, to support them in developing mobile applications</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Offers skills usable in the real world</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Offers employment opportunities.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Limited to persons with an educational background</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Limited to a certain age</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Reference(s)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="6" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Turkcell (2020). Retrieved 24 July 2020, from</span><a href="https://www.turkcell.com.tr/en/aboutus/corporate-social-responsibility/women"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">https://www.turkcell.com.tr/en/aboutus/corporate-social-responsibility/women</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">.</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">4. Social Business (SB)</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">KAMER Foundation.</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Company established to fight discrimination, violence, and structural hierarchy.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">5,10</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Awareness workshops</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Emergency Support Program</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Women’s Entrepreneurship</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Accessible and</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Affordable</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">It has branches around the country.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Not always reliable due to pressure from political groups</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Reference(s)</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="6" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:0.50pt solid inherit"> <p> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Kamer (2020). Retrieved 24 July 2020, from</span><a href="https://www.kamer.org.tr/eng/icerik_detay.php?id=270"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">https://www.kamer.org.tr/eng/icerik_detay.php?id=270</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">.</span> </p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h1 id="AbiTOC5" awml:style="heading 1"> <span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">IV. References</span> </h1> <p> </p> <span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Başkanlığı, T. (2020). Kadın Destek Uygulaması (KADES). Icisleri.gov.tr. Retrieved 24 July 2020, from</span><a href="https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kadin-destek-uygulamasi-kades"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kadin-destek-uygulamasi-kades</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">.</span><span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Basar, F., & Demirci, N. (2018). Domestic violence against women in Turkey. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 34(3), 660.</span><span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">Health effects of violence. womenshealth.gov. (2020). 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Violence against women in Turkey: Beliefs and traditions. </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#222222;background:#ffffff">Journal of Critical Studies in Business and Society</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#222222;background:#ffffff">, </span><span style="font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#222222;background:#ffffff">1</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:#222222;background:#ffffff">, 120.</span> </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </div> </html> </div> ">
