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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//ABISOURCE//DTD XHTML plus AWML 2.2//EN" "http://www.abisource.com/2004/xhtml-awml/xhtml-awml.mod"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:awml="http://www.abisource.com/2004/xhtml-awml/"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> Abiword HTML Document </title> </head> <body> <div> <p> <a name="_gjdgxs"> </a> </p> <img style="width:40.8mm" src="425446ProposalTemplateENG418021.docx.txt_files/rId7.png" title="" alt="" align="right" /><img style="width:69.3mm" src="425446ProposalTemplateENG418021.docx.txt_files/rId8.png" title="" alt="" align="left" /><img style="width:64.3mm" src="425446ProposalTemplateENG418021.docx.txt_files/rId9.png" title="" alt="" align="right" /> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <a name="_30j0zll"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt">The Impact of CALL in Learning Writing Skill</span> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC0" awml:style="heading 2"> </h2> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-size:14pt;color:#0000ff">A research proposal submitted as a partial fulfilment for the requirement of the course ENGL 4180 Research Method. Mentored by Dr. Abdulaziz B Sanosi.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt"></span> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;color:#ff0000">Do not try to change items in</span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;color:#0000ff">BLUE</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;color:#ff0000">Do Not Change Format</span><span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;color:#0000ff">, Font Colour, Size, Margins, Spacing, or Background.</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt;margin-top:12.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#2f5496">Contents</span> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_30j0zll"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Your Research Title</span></a><a href="#_30j0zll"><span style="color:#0000ff">.1</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_1fob9te"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Background:</span></a><a href="#_1fob9te"><span style="color:#0000ff">3</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_3znysh7"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Research Problem</span></a><a href="#_3znysh7"><span style="color:#0000ff">4</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_2et92p0"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Research Questions</span></a><a href="#_2et92p0"><span style="color:#0000ff">4</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_tyjcwt"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Research Hypotheses</span></a><a href="#_tyjcwt"><span style="color:#0000ff">4</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_3dy6vkm"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Research Objectives</span></a><a href="#_3dy6vkm"><span style="color:#0000ff">4</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_1t3h5sf"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Literature Review</span></a><a href="#_1t3h5sf"><span style="color:#0000ff">5</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_4d34og8"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Research Methods</span></a><a href="#_4d34og8"><span style="color:#0000ff">6</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_2s8eyo1"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Sample</span></a><a href="#_2s8eyo1"><span style="color:#0000ff">6</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_17dp8vu"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Data Collection</span></a><a href="#_17dp8vu"><span style="color:#0000ff">6</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_3rdcrjn"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Data Analysis</span></a><a href="#_3rdcrjn"><span style="color:#0000ff">6</span></a> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:5.000000pt;margin-left:11.000000pt"> <a href="#_26in1rg"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#0000ff">Bibliography</span></a><a href="#_26in1rg"><span style="color:#0000ff">7</span></a> </p> <p> </p> <p> <a name="_GoBack"> </a> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p style="text-align:center"> <a name="_1fob9te"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt">The Impact of CALL in Learning Writing Skill</span> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC1" awml:style="heading 2"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Background:</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Writing skills are considered one of the most difficult language skills for many students, not only writing in English, but writing in the mother tongue is not easy for some students, and in fact mastering the writing skill requires more effort</span><span style="font-size:16pt">.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC2" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_3znysh7"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Research Problem</span><span style="font-size:14pt"></span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">1. Spelling: It is one of the most difficult axes that students can face, and its difficulties increase when the letter is consistent with the sound it represents, which may cause difficulty for the spelter.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">2- The calligraphy: indicates the motor activity involved in the writing process.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">3. Expression or creation: refers to the most innovative part of the writing process.</span> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC3" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_2et92p0"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Research Questions</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">What are the difficulties of learning to write in English?</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">What are the degree of difficulties of learning to write in the English language that students face?</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">What is writing and its importance?</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">What are the stages of the writing process for learning the English language?</span> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC4" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_tyjcwt"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Research Hypotheses</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">1-See the literature and studies related to the study.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">2. Develop the study tool and ensure its honesty and reliability.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">3. Taking the necessary approvals to carry out the field study from all the relevant authorities.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">4. The study community determines the teachers of English language for the basic stage classes.</span> <a name="_3dy6vkm"> </a> </p> <p> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Research Objectives</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Classification of the difficulties of learning to write in the English language facing students</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">The basic classes from the viewpoint of their teachers, through several questions we asked earlier in this article.</span> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC5" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_1t3h5sf"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Literature Review</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Previous studies related to the difficulties of learning to write in the English language varied in terms of their objectives</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">And methods of selecting samples in each of them, and the tools used to collect data for those studies.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">In terms of goals, they have varied, including what aims to identify the difficulties of written cohesion, such as studying</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Blote & Bletz (2002, and others) aimed at identifying the difficulties of learning to write in the language</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">English in general, such as the Four-Way and Scientific Study (2005), but this study aims to identify</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Difficulties in learning to write in the English language for students of elementary grades from the basic education stage.</span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC6" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_4d34og8"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Research Methods</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Research methods taken to conduct this research determine:</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">1- The study problem.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">2- The study's goal and questions.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">3- The importance of the study.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">4- Study terms.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">5- Study limits</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">6- Study limitations.</span> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC7" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_2s8eyo1"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Sample</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">The sample of the study was chosen by stratified random method, at the rate of 8% of the study population, after identification</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Sample size according to Bartlett tables for probability samples according to the gender of the teacher and the supervising authority</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">An English teacher and tutor are regular in basic education</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">As the sample reached (351)</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Grades (4-6) for the academic year 2017/2018, and the table shows that.</span> </p> <p> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%;border:1.00pt solid #000000;border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;table-layout:fixed"> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">total</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Private school</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">State school</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">school</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt"> gender</span><span style="font-size:14pt"></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">sample</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">society</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">sample</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">society</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">sample</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">society</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">58</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">698</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">38</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">461</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">20</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">237</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">teacher (male)</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">293</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">3523</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">266</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">3203</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">27</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">320</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">teacher (female)</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">351</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">4221</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="4" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC8" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_17dp8vu"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Data Collection</span> </h2> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">The stability of the study tool was confirmed by using two methods: the internal consistency method using an equation</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt"> Alpha - Cronbach, and the test method (retest - Test)</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Apply the questionnaire to (30) individuals from outside the study sample, and re-apply them after two weeks, and after</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">The test stability coefficient was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient between the results of the two applications, and the following table shows the results.</span> </p> <p> </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%;border:1.00pt solid #000000;border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;table-layout:fixed"> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Pearson</span> </p> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Cronbach Alpha</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Specialization</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">number</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.87</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.81</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Difficulties writing coherent words and phrases.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">1</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.78</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.86</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Academic cohesion difficulties.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">2</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.74</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.88</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">The difficulties of written expression and its organization.</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">3</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.88</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-size:14pt">0.90</span> </p> </td> <td rowspan="" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.00pt;border:1.00pt solid #000000"> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.000000pt"> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt">Total mark</span> </p> </td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC9" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_3rdcrjn"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Data Analysis</span> </h2> <p> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Mathematical averages and standard deviations were extracted to measure the degree of difficulties</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Learn to write in the English language in public and private schools at the Directorate of Education.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">The mean and standard deviations were extracted according to:</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Supervising authority and gender.</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">To calculate the stability coefficient a Pearson correlation coefficient and the Alpha Cronbach equation were used.</span> </p> <p> </p> <h2 id="AbiTOC10" awml:style="heading 2"> <a name="_26in1rg"> </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;color:#0000ff">Bibliography</span> </h2> <p style="text-align:center"> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:14pt">Bitchener, J. 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