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Ethincs
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translations from ancient languages, this<br>can be misleading. The main trouble is that<br>happiness (especially in modern America)<br>is often conceived of as a subjective state<br>of mind, as when one says one is happy<br>when one is enjoying a cool beer on a hot<br>day, or is out "having fun" with one's<br>friends. For Aristotle, however, happiness<br>is a final end or goal that encompasses the<br>totality of one's life. It is not something<br>that can be gained or lost in a few hours,<br>like pleasurable sensations. It is more like<br>the ultimate value of your life as lived up<br>to this moment, measuring how well you<br>have lived up to your full potential as a<br>human being. For this reason, one cannot<br>really make any pronouncements about<br>whether one has lived a happy life until it<br>is over, just as we would not say of a<br>football game that it was a "great game" at<br>halftime (indeed we know of many such<br>games that turn out to be blowouts or<br>duds). For the same XXXXXX XX cannot say<XX>XXXX XXXXXXXX are happy, any XXXX XXXX we<XX>can XXX XXXX an XXXXX is a XXXX, XXX XXX<XX>XXXXXXXXX XXX a flourishing human life XXX<br>XXX yet XXXX XXXXXXXX. XX XXXXXXXXX XXXX,<br>"XXX as it is not one XXXXXXX or XXX XXXX day<XX>that XXXXX a XXXXXX, so it XX not one XXX or<XX>a XXXXX time XXXX XXXXX a XXX XXXXXXX and<br>happy." (Nicomachean XXXXXX, XXXXXXX)<XX>XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XX Nature<XX>In order XX explain human XXXXXXXXX,<br>Aristotle XXXXX XX a XXXX of XXXXXX he<br>XXXXXXX from XXX biological XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.<XX>XX we look XX nature, XX XXXXXX that XXXXX<XX>are XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX<br>in XXX XXXXX, XXXX one defined by a<XX>XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX:<XX>Mineral: rocks, metals and XXXXX<XX>lifeless things. XXX only goal XXXXX<br>XXXXX things seek is to come to a XXXX.<XX>XXXX XXX "XXXXXX stupid" XXXXX XXXX<br>are inanimate objects with no XXXX<XX>XXXXXXXXXX: plants XXX other wildlife.<XX>Here we XXX a XXX kind XX thing<XX>XXXXXX,XXXXXXXXX which is alive.<br>XXXXXXX plants seek XXXXXXXXXXX and<XX>growth, they XXXX XXXXX XXX XXX XX<br>even XXXX XX XX satisfied XXXX XXXX<br>attain XXXXX goals<br>Animal: XXX XXX XXXXXXXXX we study XX<br>belonging XX the XXXXXX XXXXXXX.<XX>XXXX we see a higher XXXXX XX life<br>emerge: XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX<br>reproduction, and we can XXXX about a<XX>happy or XXX XXX, for XXXXXXX, to the<XX>XXXXXX that XXXX are healthy and lead a<XX>pleasant XXXX<br>Human: XXXX is it that makes human<br>beings different from the XXXX XX the<XX>XXXXXX kingdom? XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX:<br>XXXXXX. XXXX humans are capable of<br>acting XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX, and in<br>so doing XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX<br>choices. XX can blame XXXXXX XXX<br>stealing XXX candy since he XXXXX it is<br>wrong, XXX we XXXXXX't XXXXX an<XX>animal since it XXXXX't XXXX XXX<XX>better.<XX>It seems that XXX XXXXXX function is to<br>reason: by XXXXXXXXX things out we XXXXXX<XX>our ends, XXXXX XXX problems, and hence<XX>live a life XXXX XX qualitatively different in<br>kind from XXXXXX or XXXXXXX. The XXXX XXX<XX>a XXXXX XX different from XXX XXXX for an<XX>XXXXXX because XX have XXXXXXXXX<XX>capacities or potentialities. XX have a<XX>XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and the exercising of this<br>capacity is XXXX XXX perfecting of our<br>XXXXXXX as XXXXX XXXXXX. For this XXXXXX,<XX>XXXXXXXX alone XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX<br>happiness, XXX pleasure is what XXXXXXX<br>seek XXX XXXXX XXXXXX have XXXXXX<XX>capacities than animals. XXX XXXX is not to<XX>annihilate XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX, XXXXXXX, XXX<XX>rather to XXXXXXX XXXX in ways XXXX are<XX>XXXXXXXXXXX XX our natures as rational<br>XXXXXXX.<XX>Thus Aristotle XXXXX XX XXX<XX>XXXXXXXXXX of happiness:<br>. ..the function of man XX to live a<br>XXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXX, and XXXX XXXXXXXX<XX>XXXXXXX a rational principle, XXX the<br>function XX a good man is XXX good<br>and noble performance of these, XXX<br>if any XXXXXX XX XXXX performed it is<XX>XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX with XXX<XX>appropriate XXXXXXXXXX: if XXXX is the<XX>case , then happiness XXXXX out to be<XX>an activity of XXX XXXX in XXXXXXXXXX<XX>with virtue. (XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX,<XX>1098 a 13 )<br>XXX Pursuit XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX Exercise XX<XX>XXXXXX<XX>In this XXXX quote we can XXX another<br>important feature XX Aristotle's XXXXXX: the<br>link between the concepts of XXXXXXXXX and<br>XXXXXX. XXXXXXXXX XXXXX us XXXX XXX most<XX>important factor in the effort to achieve<br>XXXXXXXXX is to XXXX a good moral<XX>character — XXXX he calls "XXXXXXXX<br>virtue." XXX XXXXX virtuous is not a XXXXXXX<XX>XXXXX: one XXXX act in accordance XXXX<XX>virtue. XXX is it enough XX have a XXX<XX>virtues; XXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXX to XXXXXXX<XX>all of XXXX. XX Aristotle XXXXXX,<br>He XX XXXXX XXX lives in XXXXXXXXXX<XX>with complete virtue XXX XX<br>XXXXXXXXXXXX equipped with external<XX>goods , not for XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX<XX>but throughout a complete XXXX.<br>(Nicomachean Ethics , XXXXX 10 )<br>According XX Aristotle, happiness consists<XX>in XXXXXXXXX, through XXX course XX a whole<br>XXXXXXXX, XXX XXX goods &XXXXX; XXXXXX, XXXXXX,<br>knowledge, XXXXXXX, XXX. — XXXX XXXX XX the<br>perfection XX human nature XXX to the<XX>enrichment of human XXXX. XXXX XXXXXXXX XX<br>to make XXXXXXX, some of XXXXX XXX be<br>XXXX XXXXXXXXX. XXXXX the XXXXXX good<XX>promises immediate XXXXXXXX and is more<XX>XXXXXXXX, while XXX XXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXX<br>and requires some XXXX XX sacrifice. For<XX>example, it may XX easier XXX more<br>XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX XXX night watching<br>television, XXX you XXXX XXXX you will XX<XX>better off if you XXXXX it researching for<br>your XXXX paper. Developing a good<XX>XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX a XXXXXX effort of will XX<XX>do XXX right XXXXX, even in difficult<br>situations.<br>XXXXXXX example is the taking of drugs,<XX>XXXXX XX becoming more XXX XXXX XX a<XX>problem in XXX society today. XXX a fairly<br>XXXXX XXXXX, XXX XXX immediately XXXX<XX>XXX’s mind XXX of XXX’s XXXXXXXX XXX<br>XXXXXXXXXX deep XXXXXXXX by popping an<XX>oxycontin XXXX or XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX.<XX>XXX, XXXXXXXXXX, this short-term XXXXXXXX<XX>XXXX lead XX XXXXXX term XXXX. X XXX hours<br>later you XXX feel XXXXXXXXX XXX so need<br>XX take the drug again, XXXXX leads to a<XX>never-ending XXXXXX of XXXX and relief.<br>Addiction XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX your funds XXX<br>XXXXXXXX a burden XX your XXXXXXX and<XX>family. XXX of XXXXX virtues — generosity,<XX>XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, courage, etc. &XXXXX;<XX>that XXXX XX the good XXXX XXXXXX to be<br>conspicuously absent in a XXXX of drug XXX.<XX>Aristotle XXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXX<XX>XXXXXXX of "instant gratification" XXXXX<br>XXXXX to XXXXXXXXXXX in XXX society XXXXX.<XX>XX order to achieve the XXXX of XXXXXXXX<XX>virtue, XX XXXX to XXXX the XXXXX choices,<XX>XXX XXXX XXXXXXXX keeping our eye XX the<XX>future, on the XXXXXXXX result we want for<XX>our XXXXX as a whole. We will not achieve<XX>XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX by enjoying the XXXXXXXXX<XX>of XXX XXXXXX. Unfortunately, XXXX XX<XX>XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX are not able XX<br>overcome in themselves. As he XXXXXXX,<br>"the mass of mankind XXX XXXXXXXXX quite<XX>slavish in XXXXX tastes, XXXXXXXXXX a XXXX<br>XXXXXXXX to XXXXXX"</p>">
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