ban zhao's life
ban zhao was born in the han dynasty in the year 45 ce, in what is now present-day shanxi province in china. her father, ban biao, was a historian and a confucian XXXXXXX, XXX her mother, XXXX XXX, was a XXXXXXXXXX who XXX well-XXXXXXXX in music, poetry, and confucian XXXXXXXX. ban zhao XXXX XX in a XXXXXX XX scholars, and she received a rigorous XXXXXXXXX in confucian XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX, XXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX.
in her youth, ban zhao's family was XXXXXXXXXX by the XXXXXXX, and her XXXXXX XXX older brother XXXX executed. XXX XXXX XXX her younger brother, ban XX, were spared XXX XXXXXX to the northwestern XXXXXXXX XX XXXXX, where XXXX XXXXXX on compiling a comprehensive XXXXXXX of china, known as "XXX XXXX of XXX." XXX XXXX contributed XX XXX XXXXXXX by XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX manuscript, and she also wrote a section on XXX XXXXXXX XX XXX han XXXXXXX.
after XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX "the book XX XXX," ban XXXX XXXXXXXX to XXX imperial XXXXX, where she served as a XXXX-in-waiting XX XXXXXXX XXXX sui. she XXXXXXXXX her XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXX she XXXXX several XXXXX XX XXXXXXX, poetry, XXX confucian ethics. her most famous XXXX, "lessons XXX women," was a guidebook XXX XXXXX XXXXX XX how to XXXXXX in the confucian XXX, and it XXXXXXXXX XXX women's XXXXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of moral virtues.
ban XXXX's works
XXX XXXX XXX a prolific writer XXX XXXXX on a XXXX XXXXX of XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX, and ethics. her most famous XXXX, "lessons for XXXXX," was a seminal text on women's XXXXXXXXX and XXX confucian way of life. in XXX XXXX, ban zhao XXXXXXXX the XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX should XXXXXXXXX, such XX filial piety, chastity, XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX. she also XXXXXXXXXX the importance of education for XXXXX, arguing XXXX they XXXXXX XXXXXXX a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXXXXXXX classics, XXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX.
in XXXXXXXX to "lessons XXX XXXXX," ban zhao XXXXX several other XXXXX, including "XXXXXXXXXXX for women," a collection XX XXXXX XXX XXXXXX XX confucian XXXXXX, and "the book XX han," a XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX of china XXXX the earliest times to the han XXXXXXX. XXX XXXX also XXXXX a biography of her XXXXXX, ban biao, and XXX XXXXXX XXX annotated her brother's XXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXX han XXXXXXX.
ban zhao's contribution to women's XXXXXXXXX
ban XXXX's most XXXXXXXXXXX contribution was her advocacy XXX XXXXX's XXXXXXXXX. in her XXXX, "XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX," XXX XXXXXX that XXXXX should XXXXXXX a rigorous education in the XXXXXXXXX classics, music, and XXXXXXXXXX, XXXX like XXX. she believed that education XXX XXX key to XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX a virtuous XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXX. XXX zhao's XXXXXXXX on women's XXXXXXXXX was XXXXXXXXXXXXX in a patriarchal XXXXXXX XXXX XXX not value XXXXX's intellectual pursuits.
XXX zhao's XXXXXX as a pioneer of women's XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX china has XXXXXXX XX this XXX. her XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX XX pursue education and intellectual XXXXXXXX, and her advocacy XXX women's XXXXXXXXX XXX helped to XXXXX XXXXXXX culture XXX society. in XXXXXX china, XXX zhao XX still celebrated XX a XXXXXXXX XX XXXXX's XXXXXX and education, and her XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXX XXXXX around the world.
XXXXXXXXXX
ban XXXX XXX a XXXXXXXXXX woman XXX XXXXXXXX adversity XX XXXXXX XXX XX the most XXXXXXXXXXX writers XXX XXXXXXXX XX her XXXX. her XXXXXXXX XX XXXXX's XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX ethics XXXX XXX a XXXXXXX impact on XXXXXXX culture and XXXXXXX, and her XXXXXXXX for XXXXX's XXXXXXXXX has helped XX XXXXX XXX lives XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX over XXX XXXXXXXXX. XXX XXXX's legacy XX a XXXXXXX of women's XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX XXXXX serves as an XXXXXXXXXXX XX women XXXXXX XXX XXXXX, and her works continue XX XX studied XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX XXX.
XXXXXXX:
XXXX, charles d. "XXX XXXX: XXXXX's XXXXXXXXX in ancient china." in women in china: history, philosophy, and XXXXXXXXX, edited XX X. yu, x. yang, and j. XXX, XX-XX. singapore: springer, 2014.
XXXXX, XXXXXXX. "XXX XXXX." in early chinese XXXXX: a XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX guide, edited XX m. loewe, XX-XX. berkeley: university XX california XXXXX, 1993.
XXXXX, michael. XXX XXXX "XXXXXXXXX" classics. new haven: yale XXXXXXXXXX press, XXXX.