Synthesis of Non-Fatal NPS Data
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Synthesis of Non-Fatal NPS Data
Drug
|
Drug type
|
Sample (3)
|
Concentration range (1)
|
Median range (1)
|
citations
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Urine
|
3.00ng/mL
|
3.00ng/mL
|
(Mohr, et al. 2020).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Capillary Blood
|
0.23ng/ml
0.45ng/ml
|
0.23ng/ml
0.45ng/ml
|
(In Sher, 2019).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Femoral blood
Iliac venous blood
|
0.85ng/ml
|
0.85ng/ml
|
(Mohr, et al. 2020).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Saliva
|
0.35ng/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XX Sher, 2019).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
X.85ng/ml
|
1.85ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, et al.2013)
|
XX- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXX
|
X.05ng/ml
|
0.05ng/ml
|
(Dargan XX XX., XXXX)
|
Mu- XXX
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX vein XXXXX
|
1.55ng/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(Shattuck, XXXX).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXX blood
|
X.XXXX.ml
|
X.XXXX.ml
|
|
XX- MOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Iliac XXXXXX blood
|
2.XXX/ml
|
2.XXX/ml
|
(Shattuck, XXXX).
|
XX- XXX
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
X.3ng/ml
|
1.XXX/ml
|
|
XXXXX - DOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXX
|
X.67ng/ml
|
X.67ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, et XX.2013)
|
XXXXX - DOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
hair
|
1.8ng/ml
|
X.XXX/ml
|
|
XXXXX - XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXXXXXX XXXXX
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(In XXXXXX, XXXX)
|
Delta - XXX
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Subclavian vein blood
XXXXXXX XXXXX
|
1.45ng/ml
1.45ng/ml
|
1.45ng/ml
X.XXXX/ml
|
(Stannard, et al.2013)
|
XXXXX - XXX
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Saliva
|
1.53ng/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
|
Delta - XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXX XXXXX
|
1.2ng/ml&XX;1.4ng/ml
|
X.XXX/ml>X.4ng/ml
|
(Stannard, XX al.XXXX)
|
XXXXX -XXX
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
Blood (XXXXXXXX XXXX cava)
|
X.23ng/ml
|
X.23ng/ml
|
(XXXXXX XX al. 2013).
|
XXXXX -KOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Sweat
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(Wallgren, XXXX)
|
Kappa -XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX XXXX blood
Femoral blood
XXXXXXXXX XXXXX
|
X.73ng/ml
1.XXXX/ml
1.43ng/ml
|
X.73ng/ml
1.XXXX/ml
1.43ng/ml
|
(Stannard, XX XX.2013)
|
XXXXX -KOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXX
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
X.34ng/ml
|
(XXXXXX et al. XXXX).
|
XXXXX -XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
urine
|
2.XXXX/ml
|
2.34ng/ml
|
(XX Davey, 2018).
|
Kappa -XXX
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXX
|
3.34ng/ml
|
3.34ng/ml
|
|
Orl-1
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX
|
0.34ng/ml
|
0.34ng/ml
|
(Robson et XX. 2013).
|
Orl-X
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXXXX XXXXX
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(In Davey, XXXX).
|
Orl-X
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
Capillary XXXXX
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
|
XXX-1
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXX
|
4.XXXX/ml
|
X.42ng/ml
|
(XX XXXXXX, XXXX),
|
XXX-1
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
Saliva
|
2.XXXX/ml
|
2.XXXX/ml
|
(In Davey, 2018).
|
XXX-1
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
Hair
|
X.XXX/ml
|
0.4ng/ml
|
|
Orl-X
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
sweat
|
0.33ng/ml
|
0.33ng/ml
|
(Stannard, XX al.XXXX)
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Urine
|
3.476ng/ml
|
3.476ng/ml
|
(XX Davey, XXXX).
|
Nociception - XXX
|
opioid XXXXXXX XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXX
|
0.41ng/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXXXXX, XXXX).
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
2.48ng/ml
|
2.48ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXXX, XXXX).
|
Nociception - XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXXXXXXX vein blood
|
1.74ng/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
(Stannard, et al.2013)
|
Nociception - XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
Femoral blood
|
X.XXX/ml
|
2.4ng/ml
|
(XX XXXXXX, XXXX),
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Capillary XXXXX
|
0.4ng/ml
|
0.4ng/ml
|
|
Nociception - NOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
X.33ng/ml
|
(In XXXXXX XX XX. 2019).
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXX (inferior vena cava)
|
X.23ng/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
|
Nociception - NOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Cardiac blood
|
1.XXX/ml&XX;X.9ng/ml
|
X.XXX/ml>1.XXX/ml
|
(In XXXXXX, XXXX),
|
References
XX XXXXXX, P., In XXXXX, X., & XX Phelan, M. (XXXX). Core Psychiatry X-XXXX.
Fingeroth, XXXX: John Wiley &XXX; Sons Inc.
Mohr, F., & Logos Verlag Berlin XXXX. (2020). Synthetic cannabinoids in XXXX discovery: XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX coumarins as CB XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.
Stannard, C. X., XXXXX, M. X., &XXX; XXXXXXXXX, X. (2013). Opioids in XXX-cancer XXXX.
XX XXXXX, P., &XXX; XX Sprigings, D. (2018). XXXXXXXXX XXX treatment in XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX.
J. X., &XXX; Thomas, W. X. (XXXX). Advances in intervertebral XXXX disease in XXXX XXX cats. XXXX,
Shattuck, X. G. (2017). Green XXXXXXXX opium eaters: A history of XXXXX addiction in Vermont.