Synthesis of Non-Fatal NPS Data
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Synthesis of Non-Fatal NPS Data
Drug
|
Drug type
|
Sample (3)
|
Concentration range (1)
|
Median range (1)
|
citations
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Urine
|
3.00ng/mL
|
3.00ng/mL
|
(Mohr, et al. 2020).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Capillary Blood
|
0.23ng/ml
0.45ng/ml
|
0.23ng/ml
0.45ng/ml
|
(In Sher, 2019).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Femoral blood
Iliac venous blood
|
0.85ng/ml
|
0.85ng/ml
|
(Mohr, et al. 2020).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
0.35ng/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(XX Sher, 2019).
|
Mu- MOP
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
(Stannard, XX al.XXXX)
|
Mu- XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
Hair
|
X.05ng/ml
|
X.05ng/ml
|
(XXXXXX XX al., XXXX)
|
XX- MOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX XXXX blood
|
1.55ng/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, 2017).
|
Mu- MOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
vein XXXXX
|
0.55ng.ml
|
0.55ng.ml
|
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Iliac venous XXXXX
|
X.XXX/ml
|
X.3ng/ml
|
(Shattuck, 2017).
|
Mu- MOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
saliva
|
1.3ng/ml
|
1.3ng/ml
|
|
XXXXX - DOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
X.67ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, XX al.2013)
|
Delta - XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXX
|
1.XXX/ml
|
1.XXX/ml
|
|
Delta - DOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
Capillary XXXXX
|
1.45ng/ml
|
X.45ng/ml
|
(In XXXXXX, XXXX)
|
XXXXX - XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Subclavian vein XXXXX
XXXXXXX blood
|
X.XXXX/ml
1.45ng/ml
|
X.45ng/ml
X.45ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, XX XX.2013)
|
XXXXX - DOP
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
|
XXXXX - DOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXX blood
|
1.XXX/ml&XX;1.4ng/ml
|
X.2ng/ml&XX;X.XXX/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, XX al.2013)
|
Kappa -KOP
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Blood (inferior vena cava)
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXX XX XX. XXXX).
|
XXXXX -KOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Sweat
|
X.43ng/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, XXXX)
|
XXXXX -XXX
|
opioid peptide
|
XXXXXXXXXX vein XXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXX
Capillary XXXXX
|
1.XXXX/ml
1.XXXX/ml
1.XXXX/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
X.23ng/ml
X.XXXX/ml
|
(Stannard, et al.2013)
|
Kappa -KOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
hair
|
1.34ng/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXX et al. 2013).
|
XXXXX -XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
urine
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
2.34ng/ml
|
(XX Davey, XXXX).
|
Kappa -XXX
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
X.34ng/ml
|
3.34ng/ml
|
|
Orl-1
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX
|
X.34ng/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXX XX al. XXXX).
|
XXX-X
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Femoral XXXXX
|
0.94ng/ml
|
X.94ng/ml
|
(XX XXXXX, XXXX).
|
XXX-1
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXX XXXXX
|
X.54ng/ml
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
|
XXX-X
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
4.XXXX/ml
|
4.XXXX/ml
|
(XX Wright, XXXX),
|
Orl-X
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Saliva
|
2.48ng/ml
|
2.XXXX/ml
|
(XX XXXXX, 2018).
|
Orl-X
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXX
|
X.XXX/ml
|
X.XXX/ml
|
|
Orl-X
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
X.33ng/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, XX al.2013)
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Urine
|
3.476ng/ml
|
3.476ng/ml
|
(In XXXXX, 2018).
|
Nociception - XXX
|
XXXXXX peptide XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXX
|
0.41ng/ml
|
0.XXXX/ml
|
(Fingeroth, 2015).
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
XXXXX
|
X.48ng/ml
|
2.48ng/ml
|
(Fingeroth, 2015).
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXXXXX vein XXXXX
|
1.74ng/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XXXXXXXX, et XX.XXXX)
|
Nociception - NOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
XXXXXXX blood
|
X.XXX/ml
|
X.4ng/ml
|
(In Wright, XXXX),
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
opioid XXXXXXX
|
Capillary XXXXX
|
X.4ng/ml
|
X.XXX/ml
|
|
XXXXXXXXXXX - NOP
|
XXXXXX peptide
|
XXXXXX
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
X.XXXX/ml
|
(XX Pinsky et al. XXXX).
|
Nociception - NOP
|
opioid peptide
|
Blood (inferior vena cava)
|
1.XXXX/ml
|
X.23ng/ml
|
|
Nociception - XXX
|
XXXXXX XXXXXXX
|
Cardiac XXXXX
|
1.7ng/ml&XX;1.9ng/ml
|
1.XXX/ml&XX;X.XXX/ml
|
(XX Wright, XXXX),
|
References
XX Wright, P., XX Stern, X., &XXX; In XXXXXX, X. (XXXX). Core XXXXXXXXXX E-Book.
Fingeroth, XXXX: XXXX XXXXX & Sons XXX.
XXXX, X., &XXX; Logos XXXXXX Berlin XXXX. (2020). Synthetic XXXXXXXXXXXX in drug XXXXXXXXX: XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX as CB receptor XXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX, X. X., XXXXX, X. H., & Pickering, T. (XXXX). Opioids in XXX-XXXXXX XXXX.
In XXXXX, X., &XXX; XX Sprigings, D. (2018). XXXXXXXXX and treatment in XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX.
J. X., & XXXXXX, W. X. (XXXX). XXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX disease in dogs XXX cats. Ames,
XXXXXXXX, X. X. (XXXX). XXXXX mountain opium eaters: X history of early XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX.