What kind of implications do particular limitations of human memory have on the use of eye-witness testimony in criminal and civil court cases?
In XXXX XXXXXXXXX ways, XXX-witness XXXXXXXXXXX have played a pivotal role in XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX compelling XXXXXXXX for or XXXXXXX XXXXXX in the XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX and XXXXX court XXXXX. XXX in XXXX instances, it’s usually XXXXXXXXX to argue against XXX XXX-witness testimonies, XXXXX are often XXXXXXXX as “hard truths” by XXXXX who XXXXXX to XXX XXXXXXXXXXX.
Even so, XXXXX is an increasing XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX, legal XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX suggesting that XXX use XX eye-XXXXXXX evidence in XXXXXXXX and civil XXXXX cases XXXX XXXX a XXXX share of limitations XXXX are XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX XXXXXXX XX XXX observed, these limitations (XXXX the XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XX the human XXXX or false recollection XX events) XXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX on XXXXX cases. XXXX viewpoint is XXXXXXXXX by XXXXXXXXX Elizabeth Loftus in XXXXX XXXXXXXX’s XXXX article XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX Manipulation, XXXX XXX professor XXXXXXX XXXX even the XXXXX sanctum of a human being’s most XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XX XXXXXXX XX falsification XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXX that in mind, what kind of XXXXXXXXXXXX can XXXXX limitations have on the XXXXXXX of cases XXXX XXX XXXXX on XXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXX XX XXX-XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX?
For XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX or manipulated eye-XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX can XXXXXX lead XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX can—in turn—XXXX XXXXXXXX victims to prison, or XXXX XXXX XX death sentences. Abounding XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX the Jane XXX XXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXX’s article, suffice to prove this point.
XXXXXXXXXXXX, the eye-XXXXXXXXX can equally face a XXX XX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX from their testimonies. X good XXXXXXX XXXX XX XXX XXX XXXX XXXXXX was XXXXXX in 2004 XXXXX XXX XXXXXX losing her academic freedom XXX facing XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX lost XXX case.
XXXX XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX of human memories XXXX result from manipulated or repressed memories XXX have adverse psychological XXXXXXX XX XXX victims. This XX especially XXXX for victims XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX sexual XXXXXXX and violence-related cases, XXXXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXX and suffer in XXXXXXX for years XXXXXX XXXX talk about their experiences. In XXXX instances, there XX XXXXXXXXX the additional implication of the XXXXXXXXXXXX not XXXXX help XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX actions, XXXXX puts XXXX XXXX XXXXXX at risk.
As a XXX XXXXXXX, it is extremely XXXXXXXXX for eye-XXXXXXX testimonies to be taken XXXX a grain XX salt XXXXXX XXXX being considered as XXXXXXXX truths in XXXXXXXX XXX civil XXXXX cases. Doing that, along XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XX XXX parties involved in the XXXX, will XXXX XXXXXX XXX many negative implications that come with XXX XXXXXXXXXXX in human XXXXXX and XXX-XXXXXXX testimonies.
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