Trends and impacts in representation, participation, and voter turnout in local elections.
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Introduction
Representation, participation and voter turnout at the local election level are important as they allow for the strengthening of community interests and identities, as local elections are intended to allow citizens to elect a representative local government with a sense of civic purpose and identity. (Rallings et al, 1996) This essay will discuss the trends and impacts of representation, participation and voter turnout in XXXXX XXXXXXXXX, in order to XXXXXXXXXX the evolving significance XX XXXXX elections.
Discussion XX XXXXXX XX representation, XXXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX turnout in local XXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX turnout in XXXXX elections has XXXX XXXXXXXXX over time, XXXXX has XXXXXXXX in worsening XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in XXX U.S. X study XX XXXXXXX (XXXX) XXXXX XXXX average XXXXX turnout in XXXXX elections XXXXXX XXX U.S. XXX at 27% in XXXX and projected XX XXXX XXXX XXXX, demonstrating a XXX XXXXX of political participation. XXXXX trends are XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX an erosion XX XXXXXXXXX participation XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXX XXXXX. Furthermore, XXXXXXX (XXXX) noted XXXX representation and XXXXXXXXXXXXX are XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX gender, XXXXXX and racial XXXXXXXXXX at XXX local XXXXX. XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX, author XX ‘America’s Uneven XXXXXXXXX: Turnout, Race, and Representation in City XXXXXXXX’, XXXX XXXXX XXXX voter XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXX is low at local XXXXXXXXX, with 20% for XXX XXXXXXX and XX% in XXX York XXXX, to XXX point XXXX the Los Angeles XXXX Council has used XXXX prizes to motivate citizens to vote. (Hajnal, 2018) Hajnal and Trounstine (2005) also XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX, higher income XXX white voters tend to XXXX more actively in local elections. XXXXXX (2005), through a natural XXXXXXXXXX, XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX and participation may be a XXXXXX XX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX elections. (Lassen, XXXX)
XXXXXXX of XXXX XXXXXX in XXXXX XXXXXXXXX
The trends outlined by XXX XXXXX studies XXX XXXXXXXXXX for a XXXXXX XX XXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX, they XXXX XXXX to greater disenfranchisement at the local XXXXXXX XXX community XXXXX, as XXXXXXXX will XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX not being well represented XX XXXXX XXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX, these trends will XXXX XX XXX dominance XX XXXX politically active XXXXXX XXX XXX typically XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX XXXXXX, elderly XXX XXXXX, which XXXX lead XX an XXXXXXXXX and non-XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. (Hajnal, XXXX) XXXXXXX, rising XXXXX and XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX result in citizens finding XXXXXXXXXXX XXX non-constructive methods of XXXXXXXXXX their dissent, XXXX XX XXXXXXXX unionism, XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXX. Fourthly, declining participation XXX XXXXX turnout XXXXX minority XXXXXX will XXXXXX in lower XXXXXX XX representation XX minority groups XXXX XX XXXX, XXXXXX, Asian American XXX Black politicians at the local XXXXX, in key XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XX city councils XXX the mayor’s XXXXXX. (XXXXXX XXX Trounstine, 2005) XXXXXXXXX, this will handicap the ability XX the XXXXX government to implement effectively policies XX a XXXXX level that XXX representative of a broad range of XXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXX, XXXX participation XX the local level would XXXXXX in an increase in the power XX XXX XXXXXXX government to XXXXXXXXX XXXXX-ranging and sweeping XXXXXXXX that XXX not XX in XXX XXXX interests XX voters. For example, XXXXXXXXX XXXXX may XX able XX XXXXXXXXX tax cuts, border XXXXXXXX XXX trade XXXXXXXXX which XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX not XX in favor XX, XX XXX local XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX lack XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX mandates XXX XX poor XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX turnout to resist his XXXXXX.
Conclusion
Declining XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXX XX local XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXX well XXX XXX representation of citizen interests XX XXX local level, XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX groups. XX is XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX governments XXXX XXXXXX XXXXX to XXXXXXX this XXXXXXXXX.
References
Hajnal, Z. L. (2018, XXXXXXX 22). XXX Does No One XXXX in XXXXX Elections?. XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX://XXX.XXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX/XX/22/XXXXXXX/XXX-XXXX-XX-one-vote-in-local-XXXXXXXXX.XXXX
Hajnal, X., & Trounstine, J. (2005). XXXXX turnout matters: XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of uneven XXXXXXX in XXXX politics.The Journal XX XXXXXXXX,XX(2), XXX-535.
Hajnal, Z. L. (XXXX).America's uneven XXXXXXXXX: XXXX, turnout, XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in city XXXXXXXX. Cambridge XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX.
XXXXXXX, J. (2008). XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXX: An XXXXXXXX of Political XXXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX Mayor XXXXXXXXX. InAnnual meeting XX XXX Midwestern XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX Association, Chicago, XX. http://public. wartburg. edu/mpsurc/images/Johnson. XXX (April 3, 2008).
XXXXXX, D. X. (2005). The effect of XXXXXXXXXXX XX voter XXXXXXX: XXXXXXXX XXXX a natural experiment.American Journal XX XXXXXXXXX science,49(X), XXX-118.
Rallings, C., XXXXXX, X., &XXX; Thrasher, X. (XXXX). XXXXXXXXXXXXX in local elections. XXXXXXX democracy XXX XXXXX government (pp. XX-XX). XXXXXXXX, XXXXXX.
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