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HUMAN RIGHTS AND LAW
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<span style="font-family: times new roman, times; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;">QUESTION 1</span></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0.25in 0in 0.25in 0.75in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times; font-size: small;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><strong>I.<span style="font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong>Describe how the system has changed since the Convention was adopted in 1950 up until today in broad terms.</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">Prior to the 1970s, the Convention was led by a committee made up of foreign ministers from each state, who had the authority to verify and clarify conventions or agreements as well as make recommendations to state governments. Its primary purpose was to secure the freedoms such as the right to life, to a fair hearing, to respect private and/or family life; and protection of property, and freedom of expression, thought, conscience, and religion. It promised to preserve the following: the right to life, freedom from torture or terrible punishment, freedom from slavery, the right for liberty and security, the right to educate every citizen, and marriage equality. The Convention remained rather moderate in its early years, as its leaders wished to first gain the trust of governments now suspicious of any institution of enforcement.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The Convention first focused their efforts on drafting and negotiating certain economic and social rights. A European Social Charter was introduced in 1965, adding these categories to those already in place: the right to social welfare services, equal opportunity employment, safe working conditions, and the right of the elderly to social protection. During the 1970s, it gained credibility, thus admitting more applications. Along with this increased trust came the First Protocol and Protocol 2, which added rights to property, education, and free elections, and included the determination that only the Committee of Ministers can request advisory opinions, respectively. Following the first two are many others, including Protocol 4 prohibiting imprisonment for debt, Protocol 6 limiting the death penalty to wartime—a penalty later abolished by Protocol 7, which added a right to appeal a deciison in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, prohibition of double jeopardy, and spousal or marriage equality.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The individual complaint system for Europe was designed and structured from the 1950s up until 1998. The European Commission on Human Rights first stated that they would be in charge of determining whether comlaints would be heard on merits, screening for admissibility, and determining whether there are any plausible arguments regarding the violation of rights. As of 1998, the European Convention on Human Rights had built a supranational institutional system aimed at protecting and promoting human rights. This system provides individuals and states with the right to petition for redress of human rights breaches. Up until 1998, the Commission and the European Court of Human Rights both enjoyed jurisdiction under the Convention. Additionally, the protection of human rights expanded with the introduction of the European Court of Human Rights in 1950. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The structure of the European Commission on Human Rights—paired with the principles of the Margin of Appreciation and the Living Instruments doctrines—is what gives the commission the ability to focus efforts to areas that are a priority in its jurisdiction. The first principle states that domestic courts will still have a fair amount of power simply by being a member of the Council of Europe, even if they fall under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. This ultimately allows the court enough authority to accomplish its goals without infringing upon the power of the domestic courts.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.25in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">Since its creation, the European Court of Human Rights has offered more accesibility to individuals, meaning that more value is placed upon the protection of rights to citizens. Since the court appeals to anyone, they can cover a wide XXXXX XX issues, XXX more people XXXXXXX, reaching directly to those individuals within XXX jurisdiction. The XXXXX XXXXX to present XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX, XXX timely XXXXXXXXXX of human rights concerns XXXX XXXXX other XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXXXX XXX chance for citizens to let XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX be XXXXX, addressed, and resolved.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: X.XXXX 0in 0.25in 0.XXXX; text-indent: 0.25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><!--[XX !XXXXXXXXXXXX]--><strong>XX.<span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXXX: normal; XXXX-height: XXXXXX;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[XXXXX]--><XXXXXX>XXX do you XXX upon a XXXXXXXX revision XX the XXXXXX XXXX the XXXXXXXXXX protocols XX XXX 16 adopted XXX not yet in force? XXXX is expected XX XX achieved XX the XXXXXXXXXXXX XX these XXX XXXXXXXXX?</XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: X.25in 0in; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">Introduced more XXXXXXXX XXX Protocols XX&XXXXX;XXXXX reduces the application deadline after a national decision, in XXXXXXXX to changing XXX retirement age XX judges from XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX-four&XXXXX;XXX an XXXXXXXX Protocol XX, XXXXXXXX XXXX domestic courts XXX XXXXXXXXX the ability XX XXXXXXX that the XXXXX XXXXXXX advisory XXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXX. If Protocol 15 XX XXXXXXXX XX XXXX XX XXX XXXXX-seven member XXXXXX, XXXXX states will XX responsible XXX ensuring that XXXXX citizens are enjoying their rights and freedoms.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: 0.05in XXX; text-indent: X.25in; line-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: XXX%; XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">X draft XX XXXXXXX X, XXXXXXXX XX XXXXX XXXX, XXXXXXXX the Court considers a XXXXXX XX appreciation with XXXXX XXXXXXX XXX Convention XXXXXX, it XXX not been determined that this doctrine does XXX or XXX XXX apply at all XXXXXXXXX on XXX rights of XXXXXXX of XXXXX rights. The XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX “depends XX the XXXXXXXXXXXXX of the case and the rights XXX freedoms XXXXXXX&XXXXX; (XXXXX XXXXXXXX XX). XXX XXXX jurispudence that XXXXXX for a margin XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX the same that also XXXXXXXX that XXX doctrine of the XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXX does XXX or can not XXXX XX all in respect XX Convention XXXXXX or aspects XX rights. When a margin XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX defined, the XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX that XXX margin is too wide, XXX at other times XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX it is XXX narrow. Protocol 15 XX XXXX to interpretation contrrary XX XXX idea or ideals of the XXXXX’s XXXXXXXX, specifically when it is XXXXXXXX XX the implementation of the Convention rights XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX enjoy a margin of XXXXXXXXXXXX&XXXXX; (Draft Protocol 15). If XXXX XX XXX XXXX, then XXX XXXXXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX no XXXXXX of appreciation XXXXXX in regards XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX of provisions like XXXXX dealing with XXXXXXX, punishment, or XXXXXXX.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: X.05in 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.25in; XXXX-height: 150%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-height: 150%; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, times;">XXXXXXXX XX initially XXXXXXX an imbalance between XXX parties to the domestic XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXX where XXX State concerned XX XXX XX the XXXXXXX XX stated XXXXXXXX proceedings. It XXX edited XXXXX to include XXXX XXX XXXXXXX XX XXX domestic proceedings XXX XX XX invited to XXXXXX XXXXXXX and oral XXXXXXXXXXXXX, or participate in any hearing.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-size: small; line-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: X.XXXX 0in X.05in 0.XXXX; text-indent: -0.XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><XXXXXX>III.<span style="XXXX-weight: normal; font-XXXXXXX: normal; line-height: XXXXXX;"> </span></strong><!--[XXXXX]--><strong>XXXX XX you think XXXX XX the effect XX these XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX?</strong></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.XXXX 0in 0.XXXX 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: 150%; background-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, XXXXX; font-size: small;"><strong></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: X.05in 0in; text-XXXXXX: X.XXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; font-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, times;">XXX XXXXXX(s) of XXXXXXXXX 15 XXX 16, XX XXXXXXXX, the first XXXXX effectively XXXXX XXXXXXXX courts to handle any XXXXX rights breaches, while XXX XXXXXX would XXXXX the court XX XXXX advisory opinions XXX the XXXX first XXXX—XXXXXXX said advisory XXXXXXXX counting XXXXXX a state’s total number of human XXXXXX XXXXXXXX or XXXXXXXXXX&XXXXX;and overall XXXXXXXXXXX a national XXXXX. Particular cases could be referred XX national appellate courts, XXXXXXXX with a review XX XXX XXXXXX. XXXXXX state XXXXXX XXXXX XX responsible for XXXXXXXXXXXX and applying XXX XXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXX; these XXXXXXXX will XXXXX XXXXXX to achieve XXXXXXXXXX at XXX state XXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-bottom: X.0001pt; XXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><XXXXXX></XXXXXX><strong></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.XXXXXX; XXXX-align: justify; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX;"><strong>References</strong></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt; text-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; font-family: times new XXXXX, times;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><em><span style="line-height: XXX%;">European Court of XXXXX XXXXXX</span></em><span style="line-XXXXXX: 115%;">, 2015,<em>XXXXXXXXX at</em></span><span style="XXXX-height: XXX%;"><a XXXX="http://echr-online.info/echr%20%XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.%XXX%XXXXXX%XXXXXX">XXXX://XXXX-XXXXXX.info/XXXX </a></span></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX; text-indent: X.XXXX; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><span class="XXXXXXXXXXXX"><span style="XXXX-height: XXX%;"><a href="XXXX://XXXX-XXXXXX.XXXX/echr%XX%0dintroduction.%204%20June%202015">XXXXXXXXXXXX. X June XXXX</a></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;">.</span></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.0001pt; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-size: small; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, times;">Janis, Mark W, <em>European XXXXX Rights Law: Text and XXXXXXXX, 2000.</em></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><em><span style="XXXX-height: XXX%;">Joint NGO XXXXXXXX XX XXX drafting of Protocols XX XXX 16 to the European XXXXXXXXXX XXX </span></em></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0in 0in 0.XXXXXX 0.5in; background-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, times; font-size: XXXXX;"><em><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">XXX XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX XXXXXX and Fundamental XXXXXXXX,</span></em><span style="XXXX-height: XXX%;"> 2012, <em>XXXXXXXXX at</em> </span><a href="http://www.airecentre.org/XXXX/files/Joint_Ngo_Submission_on_Protocols_15_and_16_to_ECHR_16_Nov_2012.XXX"><span style="XXXX-height: XXX%;">http://www.airecentre.org/data/files/Joint_Ngo_Submission_on_Protocols_15_and_16_to_ECHR_16_Nov_2012.pdf</span></a><span style="line-XXXXXX: 115%;">. X XXXX XXXX.</span></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: small; line-height: XXX%; XXXX-family: XXXXX new roman, times;">Kanstantsin XXXXXXXXXXX,<em>XXXXXXXX Consensus and the Evolutive XXXXXXXXXXXXXX of the </em></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: 0in XXX X.XXXXXX X.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new roman, times; XXXX-size: small;"><em>XXXXXXXX Convention XX Human Rights</em>, 12 XXXXXX Law Journal 1730-XXXX (XXXX),<em>XXXXXXXXX XX</em><a XXXX="XXXX://www.germanlawjournal.com/index.XXX?pageID=XX&artID=1382."><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">http://XXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXXX.php?pageID=XX&XXXXX=XXXX.</span></a>X June XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><em><span style="XXXX-height: 115%;">Reform XX XXX XXXXXXXX human XXXXXX XXXXXX, </span></em><span style="line-height: 115%;">XXXX, XXXXXXXX XXX supervising XXX ECHR, </span></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: XXX XXX X.0001pt 0.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;">available at <a href="XXXX://www.XXX.XXX/t/XXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/XXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXX.pdf">http://XXX.coe.XXX/t/XXXX/standardsetting/XXXX/Publications/XXXXXXXXXXXXX.pdf</a>. X XXXX 2015.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;">Steiner, Henry J. XXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXX, <em>XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX in Context: XXX, Politics, </em></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; XXXX-indent: X.5in; background-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><em>Morals</em>, XXXX, XXXXXX University XXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: small; font-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX;">Sy, Sarah,<em>Respect XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in the XXXXX</em>, European Parliament </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: XXX XXX X.XXXXXX X.5in; background-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, times; font-size: XXXXX;">(XXXX),<em>available at </em><a XXXX="XXXX://www.XXXXXXXX.europa.XX/atyourservice/XX/displayFtu.XXXX?ftuId=XXXXX.1.X.html">XXXX://www.europarl.XXXXXX.XX/atyourservice/XX/displayFtu.XXXX?XXXXX=FTU_2.X.2.html</a>. 5 June XXXX.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: times new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-bottom: X.XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.XXX; background-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; font-family: XXXXX new roman, times;"></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: X.0001pt; XXXX-XXXXXX: 0.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: X.XXXXXX; text-XXXXXX: 0.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.05in XXX; XXXX-height: 150%; background-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-origin: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"><XXXXXX><span style="line-height: 150%;">QUESTION 2</span></strong></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0.XXXX 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"><XXXXXX><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%;">XXX Case of XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXX v. XXXXXX </span></strong></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.05in XXX 0.05in 0.75in; text-XXXXXX: -0.XXX; XXXX-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><!--[XX !supportLists]--><strong>I.<span style="XXXX-weight: XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXXX: XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXX;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[endif]--><XXXXXX>Give a brief XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX case including the determination XX complainants XXX XXXXX right XX XXXX a complaint with the European XXXXX XX XXXXX Rights, XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX formal grounds XX be allowed XX file a complaint.</strong></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0.XXXX XXX X.05in 0.XXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><strong></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 1.XXX 0in X.05in; XXXX-indent: X.XXXX; line-height: 150%; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;">The XXXXXXXXXX were convicted XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX a XXXXX of XXXXXXX with allusion XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX 10 of XXX Convention had XXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXXX their XXXXXXXX XXX XXX portray nor XXXXXXX contempt for homosexuals. The applicants attempted XX argue that a XXXXXXXXXXX on their XXXXXXX XX expression XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX has no legal XXXXX XXX claim. XXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX for XXXXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXX was to spark a debate about the lack XX XXXXXXXXXXX in Swedish XXXXXXXXX. The Fifth Section XX XXX Court at first XXXXXXXXX XXX application, XXXXXXXXXX that no violation XX Article XX had XXXXX place. The XXXXXX XXXX noted that XXXXXXX XX protects all XXXXXXXXXXX, whether it&XXXXX;s XXXXXXXXX to be good or XXX.</span></p> <p style="margin: 1.XXX XXX; text-indent: 0.25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXX-align: baseline; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;">XXX judges XXXXXXXXX XX a XXX things. XXX was XXXXXXX up XX Judge Spielmann, who XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX the XXXXXXXX XXXX hate XXXXXX, in XXX XXXXXXX of XXX XXXX XXX, XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX more XXXXXXXXXXXXX. A second XXX XXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in educational settings.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 1.XXX 0in; text-indent: X.25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXX-XXXXX: baseline; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;">XXX XXXXXXX Supreme Court should have XXXXXXXXX a XXXXXXXX analysis of XXX XXXX XX XXX XXXXXX, and XXXXXXX or XXX there was a specific XXXXXX or aim XXXXXX it. XXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX&XXXXX;s XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX were XXXXXXXXXXXX hateful or offensive XXXXXXXXXXX a XXXX vague XXXX, one inconsistent XXXX XXXXXXX case law in XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX as well as in XXX freedom of information XXX information XXXX offends.</span></p> <p style="margin: X.XXX 0in; text-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; vertical-XXXXX: baseline; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">XXXX XX XXX first time the Court has XXXXX XX XXXXXXX XX, XXXXXXXXXXXX in the contexts of XXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX and anti-gay XXXXXXX. XXXXX applicant XXX XXXXX and XXXXX a suspended sentence, XXXXXXX XXX other, XXX XXX sentenced to probation. When the XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX the XXXXX of XXXXXXX or XXX interference was a necessity, it was XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXX Swedish Supreme XXXXX acknowledged XXX XXXXXXXXX&XXXXX;s freedom XX express XXXXX ideas XXXXX XXXX hammering the XXXX that, along with freedoms and rights XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX. One such obligation XX XX avoid statements XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX an XXXXXXX on an indiividual&XXXXX;s rights.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 1.5pt 0in; text-indent: X.XXXX; line-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXX-XXXXX: baseline; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: small;"></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: 0.05in XXX 0.XXXX X.XXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: -0.XXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: times new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: small;"><!--[if !XXXXXXXXXXXX]--><strong>II.<span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXXX: normal; line-XXXXXX: XXXXXX;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[endif]--><strong>What violation XX XXXXXX XX complainants claim XXX XXXX XXXXX basis do they XXXX XXX their claims? </XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: X.05in 0in X.05in X.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><strong></XXXXXX></span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 0.XXXX XXX; XXXX-indent: X.25in; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; vertical-XXXXX: baseline; background-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;">XXX legal XXXXX for the claim XX the XXXXXXXX presented by the Court XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX and gender identity XXXXXX be XXXXXXX in XXX same XXX as XXXX, ethnicity, and XXXXXXXX. These three are XXXXXXX covered XX XXXX speech XXX crime laws, XX they are XXXXXXXXX to an XXXXXXXXXX’s sense XX self, and is often XXXX as a marker of group XXXXXXXX (Sy XXXX). The XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX that XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXX identity XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX, as this XXXX is XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX “well-XXXXXXXXXXX jurispudence in this XXXX,” (XX XXXX) XX well XX XXX Court’s duty XX give XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXX protection against human XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: X.XXXX XXX; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: 150%; vertical-align: XXXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">The applicants in XXXXXXXX had entered a secondary XXXXXX&XXXXX;not XXXXX own&XXXXX;XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX that XXXXXXX homosexuality XX a “deviant XXXXXX proclivity&XXXXX; XXXX XXX a “morally XXXXXXXXXXX effect XX the substance XX society&XXXXX; (XX, XXXX). The XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX in, on, or nearby XXXXXXX XX XXXXX, impressionable&XXXXX;XXXXXXXXX to a XXXXX&XXXXX;XXXXXXXX. It XXX XXXXX that no applicants XXXXXXXX or had XXXXXXXXXX attended that school, so that they XXXX never XXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX and freedom for free access to that XXXXXXXXXX school. They XXXX claimed that XXXX had a XXXXX XX freedom of XXXXXXXXXX, in XXXXXXXXX with Article XX XX the European Convention XX XXXXX Rights.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: X.XXXX 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.25in; XXXX-height: 150%; XXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXXX; background-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;">At XXX conclusion, the judges made sure XX XXXX that XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXX community face XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX the world; and that, in XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX organizations, exists a &XXXXX;XXXX XXXXXXX of homophobic XXX transphobic bullying and discrimination,” XXXXX XX an important XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX when XXXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXX area of XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX (Sy 2007). XXXXXXX its XXXXXXXX, The XXXXX XXXXXXXXX the idea that discrimination based XX XXXXXX orientation and gender identity should XX XXXXX as seriously as XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX race, XXXXXX or XXXXXX.</span></p> <p style="margin: X.05in 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; vertical-align: XXXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0.05in 0in X.XXXX 0.XXXX; XXXX-indent: -X.XXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: times new roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;"><!--[XX !supportLists]--><XXXXXX>XXX.<span style="font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; XXXX-height: normal;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[endif]--><strong>XXXXXXXX the outcome of the case XXX XXXX must be XXXXXXXXXX XXX a XXXXXXXXXXX restriction XX the XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX to XX at XXXX.</XXXXXX></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.05in XXX X.05in X.25in; line-XXXXXX: 150%; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: times new roman, XXXXX; font-size: small;"><strong></strong></span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: 150%; background-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;">The outcome XXX XXXX case XXX Article 10(X) of the XXXXXXXXXX, which XXXXXX XXXX everyone has XXX XXXXX to freedom of XXXXXXXXXX, subject to exemption in Article XX(2), or formalities, conditions, XXXXXXXXXXXX, or penalties XX described XX XXX law XXX XXXXXXXXX for a well-functioning democratic XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX one that protects XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX the protection of XXX reputation or XXXXXX XX XXXXXX. XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX “XXXXXXXXXXXXXX based XX sexual XXXXXXXXXXX is as serious as discrimination based XX ‘XXXX, XXXXXX or colour’”.X XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XX XXX taken XXXXX.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX the XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX applicants&XXXXX; had any XXXXXXXXXX XXX XX degrade, XXXXXX or XXXXXX XXXXXX against XXXXXXX XX the XXXXX XX their sexual XXXXXXXXXXX. XX XXXXXX that the “XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX” XXXX applied by the XXXXXXX XXXXX was far too vague and does XXX XXXXXX sufficient XXX adequate XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX freedom of XXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.05in 0in; text-indent: X.25in; line-XXXXXX: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; font-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times;">In addition XX XXX XXXX XX to the XXXXXXXXXXX of discrimination based on XXXXXX orientation or gender XXXXXXXX; XXX Court XXXX XXXXX that XXX penalties XXXXX to the applicants XXXX XXX excessive by XXX means, XXX XXXX XXX not breach Article XX. XXX Court XXXXXXXXXX that the test to XX XXXXXXX is whether or XXX XXX restriction XX the applicants’ XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX proportionate XX XXX legitimate XXX of protecting XXX XXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXX XX homosexuals in a XXXXX. XX XXX conceded in XXX case that the XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX a restriction on XXXXX XXXXXXX of expression. The XXXXX was XXXXXXX XXXX restriction XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXX of the XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX 10(X). XXX XXX XXXXX XXXX, the Court applies XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX developed in relation to XXXX XXXXXX in XXX XXXXXXX of sexual XXXXXXXXXXX XXX gender XXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXX: .XXXX; margin-right: XXX; margin-bottom: .05in; margin-left: XXX; XXX-XXXX-XXXXXX-top: .XXX; XXX-XXXX-margin-XXXXX: 0in; XXX-XXXX-margin-bottom: .3gd; XXX-para-XXXXXX-XXXX: 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: .25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; line-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXX-family: times new roman, times;">When making a decision, XXX XXXXX must XXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX the penalty imposed, while XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXX of XXX expression itself. The XXXXXXXXXXXXX of XXX expression are that: it took place at a school, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XX be XXXXXXX, and XXXX none of XXX applicants XXXX XXXXXXXXXX. XX XXXXXXXXXXX the content XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX the XXXXXXX XXX irrelevant and XXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX; and, XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX did not directly XXXXXX individuals XX embrace or commit XXX XXXXXXX acts, XXXX XXXX in XXXX very prejudicial. In accordance XXXX XXXX XX the XXXXX&XXXXX;s XXXXXXXXX that calling on individuals to XXXXXX hatred or XXXXXXXX XXXX XXX necessarily XXXXXX a call XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXX things. XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX discrimination XXX XXXXXXXX XXX idea that a person or persons can XX attacked.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-top: X.XXX; margin-right: XXX; XXXXXX-bottom: X.XXX; XXXXXX-XXXX: 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: .XXXX; line-XXXXXX: 150%;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; line-height: 150%; font-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">XX is XXXX to understand why XXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX be XXXXXXXXX in XXXXX single circumstance, XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX humans XXX inclined to coin XXXXXXXXXXX or ideas XXXX which XXXX do not agree as XXXXXXXXXX unacceptable, and XXXX beyond protected expression. It is impossible for individuals XX XXXXXXX XXX regular XXXXX own conduct in order XX make them XXXXX of what types XX speech are protected XXX which XXX not. Because of XXXX, the Court XXX XXX grounds XX XXXXXXX the XXXX based XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX rather than XXXXXXX XX define speech XXXX XX XXXXXX unworthy XX XXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXX-indent: 0.25in;"><span style="font-XXXX: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;"><strong>XXXXXXXXXX </XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small; XXXX-family: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXX-XXX XXXX Speech: XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXX v. Sweden (2/14/XXXX), </span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin: XXX XXX 0.0001pt X.XXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"><em>available at</em><a href="XXXX://strasbourgobservers.com/XXXX/02/14/XXXX-gay-hate-speech-vejdeland-"><span style="XXXXX: XXXXX;">http://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/2012/XX/14/XXXX-gay-hate-speech-vejdeland-</span></a>and-XXXXXX-v-sweden. 4 XXXX XXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: XXXXX; font-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX Torture XXX XXXXX XXXXX, Inhuman or XXXXXXXXX Treatment or Punishment </span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: XXX XXX 0.0001pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times;">XXXXX, Committee XXXXXXX Torture, (11/26/XXXX), <em>avaiable at</em> XXXX://XXXX.umn.edu/humanrts/XXX/XXXXXXXXX/XXX-XXXX.html. X XXXX XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; font-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, times;">XXXXX XXXXX Sweden in homophobic leaflets dispute, XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XX Human Rights </span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0in XXX 0.XXXXXX X.XXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-size: small;">(X/9/XXXX), <em>available at</em> <a href="XXXX://XXX.humanrightseurope.XXX/2012/02/XXXXX-backs-sweden-"><span style="color: XXXXX;">XXXX://www.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.org/2012/XX/court-XXXXX-XXXXXX-</span></a>in-homophobic-leaflet-dispute/. 5 June 2015.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; font-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX;">Discrimination and hate XXXXXX on the basis of sexual XXXXXXXXXXX: XX it XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XX </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-XXXX: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times;">expression?, Human XXXXXX Law XXXXXX (X/X/2012), <em>XXXXXXXXX XX</em> XXXX://XXXX.XXX.au/XXXXXXXXX-ors-v-sweden-2012-XXXX-XXX-9-XXXXXXXX-XXXX. X June 2015.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.XXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-family: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXXXX, XXXXXX. Strasbourg XXXXX on XXXX-XXX speech XXX the XXXXX time (3/13/2012), XX XXXXX </span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.XXXXXX 0.XXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: times XXX roman, times; font-XXXX: small;">Rights Blog, <em>available at</em> <a XXXX="XXXX://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.com/2012/03/XX/strasbourg-rules-XX-"><span style="color: black;">http://ukhumanrightsblog.com/XXXX/03/XX/strasbourg-XXXXX-on-</span></a>XXXX-gay-XXXXXX-for-XXX-first-XXXX. X June 2015.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-bottom: X.0001pt;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: small; XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXX XXX Others v. XXXXXX: XXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX 10 XXXX, XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX Fund, </span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in XXX 0.0001pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;">2012<em>, available at</em> h<a XXXX="ttp://www.XXXXXXXX.org/XXXXX/XXXX-04-12_Vejdeland_Update.XXX.%XXX%20"><span style="color: black;">ttp://www.adfmedia.XXX/XXXXX/2012-04-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.pdf. 4 </span></a>XXXX XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: 0.XXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"></span></p>">
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