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HUMAN RIGHTS AND LAW
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<span style="font-family: times new roman, times; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%;">QUESTION 1</span></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0.25in 0in 0.25in 0.75in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, times; font-size: small;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><strong>I.<span style="font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong>Describe how the system has changed since the Convention was adopted in 1950 up until today in broad terms.</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">Prior to the 1970s, the Convention was led by a committee made up of foreign ministers from each state, who had the authority to verify and clarify conventions or agreements as well as make recommendations to state governments. Its primary purpose was to secure the freedoms such as the right to life, to a fair hearing, to respect private and/or family life; and protection of property, and freedom of expression, thought, conscience, and religion. It promised to preserve the following: the right to life, freedom from torture or terrible punishment, freedom from slavery, the right for liberty and security, the right to educate every citizen, and marriage equality. The Convention remained rather moderate in its early years, as its leaders wished to first gain the trust of governments now suspicious of any institution of enforcement.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The Convention first focused their efforts on drafting and negotiating certain economic and social rights. A European Social Charter was introduced in 1965, adding these categories to those already in place: the right to social welfare services, equal opportunity employment, safe working conditions, and the right of the elderly to social protection. During the 1970s, it gained credibility, thus admitting more applications. Along with this increased trust came the First Protocol and Protocol 2, which added rights to property, education, and free elections, and included the determination that only the Committee of Ministers can request advisory opinions, respectively. Following the first two are many others, including Protocol 4 prohibiting imprisonment for debt, Protocol 6 limiting the death penalty to wartime—a penalty later abolished by Protocol 7, which added a right to appeal a deciison in criminal matters, compensation for wrongful conviction, prohibition of double jeopardy, and spousal or marriage equality.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The individual complaint system for Europe was designed and structured from the 1950s up until 1998. The European Commission on Human Rights first stated that they would be in charge of determining whether comlaints would be heard on merits, screening for admissibility, and determining whether there are any plausible arguments regarding the violation of rights. As of 1998, the European Convention on Human Rights had built a supranational institutional system aimed at protecting and promoting human rights. This system provides individuals and states with the right to petition for redress of human rights breaches. Up until 1998, the Commission and the European Court of Human Rights both enjoyed jurisdiction under the Convention. Additionally, the protection of human rights expanded with the introduction of the European Court of Human Rights in 1950. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">The structure of the European Commission on Human Rights—paired with the principles of the Margin of Appreciation and the Living Instruments doctrines—is what gives the commission the ability to focus efforts to areas that are a priority in its jurisdiction. The first principle states that domestic courts will still have a fair amount of power simply by being a member of the Council of Europe, even if they fall under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. This ultimately allows the court enough authority to accomplish its goals without infringing upon the power of the domestic courts.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.25in 0in; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">Since its creation, the European Court of Human Rights has offered more accesibility to individuals, meaning that more value is placed upon the protection of rights to citizens. Since the court appeals XX XXXXXX, they XXX cover a wide XXXXX of XXXXXX, XXX XXXX XXXXXX overall, XXXXXXXX directly to XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXX XXXXX XX present relevant, XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXX protection XX human XXXXXX concerns XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX cannot decide, giving the XXXXXX for XXXXXXXX to let XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX be XXXXX, XXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.25in XXX 0.XXXX 0.XXXX; text-XXXXXX: 0.25in; line-height: XXX%; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"><!--[if !XXXXXXXXXXXX]--><strong>XX.<span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXXX; font-stretch: XXXXXX; line-height: XXXXXX;"> </span></strong><!--[endif]--><XXXXXX>How XX you XXX XXXX a possible XXXXXXXX of the XXXXXX XXXX XXX additional XXXXXXXXX 15 and XX adopted XXX not XXX in XXXXX? XXXX is expected to be achieved XX the introduction of these XXX protocols?</XXXXXX></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.XXXX XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: small; line-height: 150%; font-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX are XXXXXXXXX XX—which XXXXXXX the application deadline XXXXX a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX, in XXXXXXXX to changing XXX XXXXXXXXXX age of XXXXXX XXXX seventy XX seventy-XXXX—XXX an optional Protocol XX, XXXXXXXX XXXX domestic courts XXX tribunals XXX XXXXXXX to request that the XXXXX provide XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX and applications of the Convention. XX Protocol XX XX XXXXXXXX XX each XX XXX forty-XXXXX member states, these states will XX XXXXXXXXXXX for ensuring XXXX their XXXXXXXX XXX enjoying their rights and freedoms.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX; text-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; background-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; line-height: XXX%; font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX;">X XXXXX XX Article 1, Protocol XX XXXXX that, although the Court considers a margin of appreciation with state parties XXX Convention XXXXXX, it XXX not XXXX determined XXXX this doctrine does XXX or XXX not XXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXX XX the rights XX XXXXXXX XX those XXXXXX. The margin of XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX “depends on XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX of XXX case XXX the rights and XXXXXXXX engaged” (Draft XXXXXXXX 15). The XXXX jurispudence XXXX XXXXXX XXX a XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX is XXX same XXXX also confirms that XXX XXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXX does not or can XXX XXXX at XXX in respect XX XXXXXXXXXX rights or aspects of XXXXXX. When a margin of appreciation XX XXXXXXX, the Court XXXX sometimes XXXXXXXX that the XXXXXX XX XXX XXXX, and XX other XXXXX consider whether it is too XXXXXX. Protocol XX is open to XXXXXXXXXXXXXX contrrary to XXX XXXX or XXXXXX of XXX Court’s XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX it is XXXXXXXX to the implementation of XXX Convention rights XXX freedom states enjoy a margin of XXXXXXXXXXXX” (XXXXX XXXXXXXX XX). If XXXX is the case, XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX is essentially ignoring XXXX no XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in XXXXXXX to the implementation XX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, or slavery.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0.05in XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; XXXX-XXXXXX: times new roman, XXXXX;">Protocol 16 initially XXXXXXX an XXXXXXXXX between the parties XX the XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX of XXX XXXXXXX XX stated domestic proceedings. XX XXX XXXXXX later to XXXXXXX XXXX all parties to XXX domestic proceedings XXX to XX XXXXXXX XX XXXXXX written and oral contributions, or XXXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0.XXXX XXX; XXXX-indent: X.25in; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: XXXXX; line-height: 150%; XXXX-family: times XXX roman, times;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: X.XXXX 0in X.05in X.75in; XXXX-indent: -X.XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><strong>III.<span style="XXXX-weight: normal; XXXX-stretch: XXXXXX; line-height: XXXXXX;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[XXXXX]--><strong>XXXX XX you think XXXX be XXX XXXXXX XX these additional XXXXXXXXXXXXX?</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0.XXXX XXX X.XXXX X.25in; XXXX-height: 150%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;"><XXXXXX></XXXXXX></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: 0.XXXX XXX; XXXX-indent: X.25in; line-height: 150%; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times;">XXX effect(s) of XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XX, if XXXXXXXX, XXX first would XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX domestic courts to XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXX breaches, XXXXX XXX XXXXXX would XXXXX XXX XXXXX to XXXX advisory opinions XXX the XXXX first time&XXXXX;XXXXXXX XXXX advisory XXXXXXXX counting XXXXXX a XXXXX’s total XXXXXX XX XXXXX rights XXXXXXXX or XXXXXXXXXX&XXXXX;XXX overall enforcement a national XXXXX. XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX be XXXXXXXX by national XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX, followed with a XXXXXX XX the judges. Member XXXXX courts XXXXX be XXXXXXXXXXX XXX interpreting and XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX of XXX judges; these XXXXXXXX will XXXXX issues XX achieve resolution XX XXX XXXXX XXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new roman, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"><XXXXXX></XXXXXX><XXXXXX></XXXXXX></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: X.0001pt; XXXX-align: XXXXXXX; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><strong>XXXXXXXXXX</strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: X.0001pt; XXXX-XXXXX: justify; background-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; XXXX-family: times XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;"></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-bottom: 0.XXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"><em><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: 115%;">European XXXXX XX XXXXX Rights</span></em><span style="line-height: 115%;">, 2015,<em>available at</em></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://XXXX-XXXXXX.info/echr%XX%XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.%XXX%20June%202015">http://echr-XXXXXX.info/echr </a></span></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; XXXX-indent: 0.25in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a XXXX="XXXX://echr-XXXXXX.XXXX/XXXX%20%0dintroduction.%XXX%20June%XXXXXX">introduction. 4 June XXXX</a></span></span><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">.</span></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: X.XXXXXX; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; line-height: XXX%; XXXX-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX;">Janis, XXXX W, <em>XXXXXXXX Human Rights Law: Text XXX Material, 2000.</em></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-bottom: X.XXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: small;"><em><span style="XXXX-height: 115%;">XXXXX NGO comments XX XXX drafting XX XXXXXXXXX 15 and XX to XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX for </span></em></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.XXXXXX 0.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: times new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"><em><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">XXX Protection of Human XXXXXX and Fundamental XXXXXXXX,</span></em><span style="XXXX-height: 115%;"> 2012, <em>available XX</em> </span><a XXXX="XXXX://www.XXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX/files/Joint_Ngo_Submission_on_Protocols_15_and_16_to_ECHR_16_Nov_2012.XXX"><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">XXXX://www.XXXXXXXXXX.org/XXXX/files/Joint_Ngo_Submission_on_Protocols_15_and_16_to_ECHR_16_Nov_2012.XXX</span></a><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">. X June XXXX.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: X.XXXXXX; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, times;">XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX,<em>European Consensus and XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX the </em></span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: 0in 0in 0.XXXXXX 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;"><em>European Convention on Human Rights</em>, XX XXXXXX Law XXXXXXX XXXX-1745 (2011),<em>XXXXXXXXX at</em><a href="XXXX://XXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.com/XXXXX.php?XXXXXX=11&artID=1382."><span style="XXXXX: black; text-decoration: XXXX;">http://www.germanlawjournal.XXX/index.XXX?pageID=11&XXX;XXXXX=1382.</span></a>4 June XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-bottom: X.0001pt; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;"><em><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">Reform of the European human XXXXXX XXXXXX, </span></em><span style="line-XXXXXX: XXX%;">2004, Applying XXX supervising XXX XXXX, </span></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0in XXX X.XXXXXX X.XXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX XXXXX, times; XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX;">available at <a href="XXXX://www.XXX.XXX/t/XXXX/standardsetting/XXXX/Publications/XXXXXXXXXXXXX.pdf">http://www.XXX.int/t/XXXX/standardsetting/XXXX/Publications/osloseminar_e.pdf</a>. 5 June XXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-bottom: X.XXXXXX; background-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;">XXXXXXX, Henry X. And Alston, Phillip, <em>XXXXXXXXXXXXX Human XXXXXX in XXXXXXX: XXX, XXXXXXXX, </em></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; XXXX-indent: 0.5in; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><em>XXXXXX</em>, 2000, Oxford XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: X.0001pt; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">Sy, Sarah,<em>Respect XXX XXXXXXXXXXX rights in XXX Union</em>, XXXXXXXX Parliament </span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0in 0in 0.XXXXXX X.XXX; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: small;">(2015),<em>XXXXXXXXX XX </em><a XXXX="XXXX://XXX.XXXXXXXX.XXXXXX.eu/atyourservice/XX/displayFtu.html?ftuId=XXXXX.X.X.html">XXXX://XXX.europarl.XXXXXX.eu/XXXXXXXXXXXXX/en/XXXXXXXXXX.XXXX?ftuId=XXXXX.1.2.html</a>. 5 June 2015.</span></p> <p><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; font-size: XXXXX;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; text-indent: 0.5in; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, times;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.XXX; background-image: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: times new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt; text-indent: X.5in; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, times; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="line-height: XXX%;">QUESTION X</span></strong></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.05in XXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXX%;">The XXXX of XXXXXXXXX XXX Others v. Sweden </span></XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: X.05in XXX X.05in X.75in; XXXX-indent: -0.XXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX;"><!--[XX !supportLists]--><strong>I.<span style="XXXX-weight: XXXXXX; font-stretch: XXXXXX; XXXX-height: XXXXXX;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[endif]--><strong>XXXX a brief XXXXXXXXXX XX the case including XXX determination of XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX their right to file a complaint with the XXXXXXXX XXXXX of XXXXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXX also XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX grounds to be allowed XX file a complaint.</XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX X.XXXX 0.XXXX; line-height: XXX%; background-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><strong></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: X.5pt XXX X.XXXX; text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-size: small;">The applicants were convicted XX XXXXXXXXX against a group XX XXXXXXX XXXX allusion XX XXXXXX orientation, and therefore XXXXXXX that Article XX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX had been violated, XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX leaflets did not portray nor XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX for XXXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX attempted XX argue that a XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX XXX has no XXXXX XXXXX for XXXXX. They claimed that their XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXX was XX spark a XXXXXX XXXXX the XXXX XX objectivity in XXXXXXX education. XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX of XXX Court XX XXXXX dismissed XXX application, XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XX violation of Article 10 XXX taken XXXXX. XXX judges then noted that XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX all information, XXXXXXX it’s XXXXXXXXX to XX good or XXX.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: X.XXX XXX; text-indent: 0.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: 150%; vertical-align: baseline; background-XXXXX: initial; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX on a XXX things. XXX XXX brought up XX Judge XXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX with hate speech, in the XXXXXXX XX the case law, would XXXXXXX XXXX more justification. X second XXX the idea XXXX this speech involved discrimination in educational settings.</span></p> <p style="margin: X.5pt XXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.25in; line-XXXXXX: 150%; XXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="XXXX-family: times new XXXXX, times; font-size: XXXXX;">The XXXXXXX Supreme XXXXX should XXXX XXXXXXXXX a XXXXXXXX analysis XX XXX goal of the XXXXXX, and whether or XXX there XXX a specific XXXXXX or aim behind it. Another XXX that XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Court&XXXXX;s XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX unreasonably hateful or offensive XXXXXXXXXXX a very XXXXX XXXX, one XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX case XXX in XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX XX in the XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX XXX information that offends.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: X.5pt XXX; text-XXXXXX: X.XXXX; XXXX-height: 150%; vertical-XXXXX: XXXXXXXX; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;">This is the first XXXX XXX XXXXX has ruled on Article XX, particularly in XXX XXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXX of expression XXX XXXX-XXX speeech. Every XXXXXXXXX was fined and XXXXX a suspended sentence, XXXXXXX one XXXXX, XXX XXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXXX. XXXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Court XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX of XXXXXXX or XXX interference was a necessity, it XXX XXXXX XXX approved XXXX the Swedish XXXXXXX Court XXXXXXXXXXXX the applicant&XXXXX;s freedom XX XXXXXXX their XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX fact that, XXXXX with freedoms and rights XXXX obligations. XXX XXXX obligation is to avoid XXXXXXXXXX that XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX an XXXXXXX XX an XXXXXXXXXXX’s rights.</span></p> <p style="margin: 1.XXX XXX; text-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXX-align: baseline; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; background-origin: initial; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new roman, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0.05in XXX 0.05in 0.XXXX; XXXX-indent: -0.5in; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; background-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><!--[if !XXXXXXXXXXXX]--><strong>XX.<span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXXX: normal; line-XXXXXX: XXXXXX;"> </span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong>What XXXXXXXXX of rights do complainants XXXXX and XXXX XXXXX basis do they have XXX their XXXXXX? </strong></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0.05in 0in 0.05in 0.75in; line-height: 150%; background-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, times; XXXX-size: small;"><XXXXXX></strong></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.05in 0in; XXXX-indent: X.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXX-align: XXXXXXXX; background-image: XXXXXXX; background-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-clip: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: XXXXXXX; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;">The XXXXX XXXXX for the claim is XXX XXXXXXXX presented XX XXX Court that XXXXXX orientation XXX gender identity XXXXXX XX XXXXXXX in the XXXX XXX XX XXXX, XXXXXXXXX, XXX religion. XXXXX XXXXX are already XXXXXXX XX hate XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXX, XX XXXX XXX pertinent to an XXXXXXXXXX&XXXXX;s XXXXX of self, and is often used as a marker of group identity (Sy XXXX). XXX judges XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX and gender XXXXXXXX should be protected, as this area XX consistent XXXX XXX &XXXXX;XXXX-established XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXX area,” (XX XXXX) as XXXX as the Court’s duty XX give XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX protection against XXXXX rights XXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.05in XXX; text-XXXXXX: 0.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; XXXXXXXX-align: XXXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">The applicants in question had entered a secondary school—XXX their own—and distributed leaflets that XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX as a &XXXXX;deviant sexual XXXXXXXXXX” that XXX a &XXXXX;morally XXXXXXXXXXX effect on the XXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXX” (Sy, 2015). XXX leaflets XXXX purposefully left in, XX, or nearby XXXXXXX XX young, impressionable—XXXXXXXXX XX a fault&XXXXX;XXXXXXXX. It was XXXXX that XX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX or had XXXXXXXXXX attended that school, so XXXX XXXX were XXXXX given XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXX freedom for XXXX access to that XXXXXXXXXX school. They XXXX claimed XXXX they had a XXXXX XX XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX, in agreeance with XXXXXXX XX XX the European Convention on Human XXXXXX.</span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 0.05in XXX; text-indent: X.25in; line-XXXXXX: 150%; vertical-XXXXX: baseline; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: initial; background-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new roman, times; XXXX-size: small;">At its XXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX XX note XXXX XXXXXXX of XXX XXXX community XXXX hostility XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX; XXX that, in educational institutions and organizations, XXXXXX a &XXXXX;XXXX XXXXXXX of homophobic and transphobic bullying XXX discrimination,” XXXXX XX an XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX attempting XX justify XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXX of freedom of expression (XX 2007). XXXXXXX XXX decision, XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX the idea that discrimination XXXXX XX sexual XXXXXXXXXXX XXX gender XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XX taken XX XXXXXXXXX as discrimination XXXXX on XXXX, origin or XXXXXX.</span></p> <p style="margin: X.XXXX XXX; XXXX-indent: 0.XXXX; line-XXXXXX: XXX%; vertical-align: XXXXXXXX; background-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: initial; background-size: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX" style="margin: 0.XXXX XXX X.05in X.XXXX; text-XXXXXX: -X.XXX; XXXX-height: 150%; background-XXXXX: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-repeat: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><XXXXXX>XXX.<span style="XXXX-XXXXXX: normal; XXXX-stretch: XXXXXX; XXXX-height: normal;"> </span></XXXXXX><!--[endif]--><strong>XXXXXXXX XXX outcome of the case and what XXXX be considered for a XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX to be at XXXX.</XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: X.05in XXX 0.05in X.25in; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; background-image: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; background-position: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: times new XXXXX, times; XXXX-size: XXXXX;"><XXXXXX></XXXXXX></span></p> <p style="XXXXXX: 0.05in XXX; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-clip: initial; background-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX;">The XXXXXXX for this case XXX XXXXXXX 10(X) of XXX XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXX states XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX right to XXXXXXX XX expression, subject XX exemption in XXXXXXX 10(2), or XXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX, or XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX by XXX law and necessary XXX a well-XXXXXXXXXXX democratic XXXXXXX, particularly one XXXX protects its XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX protection of the XXXXXXXXXX or XXXXXX XX XXXXXX. The Court stressed that “XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX on sexual orientation is XX serious XX discrimination XXXXX on ‘race, origin or colour’&XXXXX;.X XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX Court held that no violation XX Article 10 XXX XXXXX place.</span></p> <p style="margin: X.05in 0in; XXXX-XXXXXX: X.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; XXXXXXXXXX-image: initial; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-clip: XXXXXXX; background-position: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">Spielmann XXXXXXXXXX the XXX examining more thoroughly XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXX&XXXXX; XXX any underlying XXX XX XXXXXXX, insult or incite XXXXXX XXXXXXX persons on the basis of XXXXX sexual orientation. He argued XXXX the &XXXXX;unwarrantably XXXXXXXXX&XXXXX; test XXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX XXXXX was far too vague and does XXX accord XXXXXXXXXX and adequate XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXX of expression.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0.05in XXX; text-indent: 0.XXXX; XXXX-height: XXX%; background-XXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-attachment: XXXXXXX; XXXXXXXXXX-size: initial; background-XXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXX: XXXXXXX;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; font-family: times XXX XXXXX, times;">In addition XX XXX rule as XX XXX seriousness of discrimination based XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX or gender XXXXXXXX; XXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX the XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXX were XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX, and XXXX XXX not XXXXXX XXXXXXX 10. The XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX test to be XXXXXXX XX whether or XXX the restriction on the applicants&XXXXX; freedom XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX proportionate to XXX legitimate XXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX reputation and rights of XXXXXXXXXXX in a group. XX was conceded in the case XXXX the conviction of the applicants constituted a restriction on their freedom of XXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXX XXX whether such XXXXXXXXXXX could XX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX XX XXX exception in Article XX(2). XXX XXX XXXXX XXXX, the Court XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in relation XX XXXX XXXXXX in XXX context XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX and gender identity.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-XXX: .05in; margin-XXXXX: 0in; XXXXXX-bottom: .05in; XXXXXX-XXXX: 0in; mso-XXXX-XXXXXX-XXX: .3gd; XXX-XXXX-XXXXXX-XXXXX: XXX; XXX-XXXX-margin-XXXXXX: .3gd; mso-XXXX-XXXXXX-left: 0in; text-XXXXXX: .25in; line-height: 150%;"><span style="XXXX-size: XXXXX; XXXX-height: 150%; font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX;">When XXXXXX a decision, the Court must XXXXXXXX the circumstances of the XXXXXXXXXX XXX the XXXXXXX imposed, while simultaneously XXXXXXXXXXX XXX content of XXX expression itself. XXX circumstances of XXX expression are XXXX: it XXXX place XX a XXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXX XX XX XXXXXXX, and that XXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX. XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XX the expression, the applicants claimed XXX content was irrelevant XXX XXXXXX unworthy of XXXXXXXXXX; and, XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX directly advise individuals XX XXXXXXX or commit XXX XXXXXXX XXXX, they XXXX in fact very prejudicial. XX accordance with XXXX XX the Court’s statement XXXX XXXXXXX on individuals to XXXXXX XXXXXX or violence does not necessarily XXXXXX a XXXX XXX either of those things. XXX definition XX discrimination now includes the idea XXXX a person or XXXXXXX XXX be XXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-top: 1.XXX; margin-XXXXX: 0in; margin-bottom: X.XXX; XXXXXX-XXXX: XXX; XXXX-indent: .25in; line-height: XXX%;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: 150%; font-family: times new roman, times;">XX is XXXX XX understand XXX the freedom XX expression cannot always be XXXXXXXXX in every XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX because XXXXXX XXX inclined to coin XXXXXXXXXXX or XXXXX XXXX XXXXX they XX not XXXXX XX completely XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX thus XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. It XX XXXXXXXXXX for XXXXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX their own conduct in order XX make XXXX XXXXX XX XXXX XXXXX XX speech XXX protected XXX XXXXX XXX XXX. Because of this, XXX Court XXX XXX grounds XX dismiss the case XXXXX on its XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX attempt to XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXX-XXXXXX: X.XXXX;"><span style="font-XXXX: XXXXX; font-XXXXXX: times XXX XXXXX, times;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, times; XXXX-XXXX: small;"><XXXXXX>XXXXXXXXXX </XXXXXX></span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: X.0001pt;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: small; font-family: times new roman, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXX-Gay XXXX XXXXXX: Vejdeland and Others v. XXXXXX (2/14/2012), </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in XXX X.XXXXXX 0.5in;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX new roman, XXXXX; XXXX-size: small;"><em>XXXXXXXXX XX</em><a XXXX="http://strasbourgobservers.XXX/XXXX/XX/14/anti-gay-hate-speech-XXXXXXXXX-"><span style="XXXXX: XXXXX;">http://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.com/XXXX/02/14/anti-gay-hate-speech-XXXXXXXXX-</span></a>and-others-v-XXXXXX. X June XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: X.0001pt;"><span style="XXXX-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXXX against Torture and Other XXXXX, XXXXXXX or Degrading Treatment or XXXXXXXXXX </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in XXX X.XXXXXX X.5in;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, times;">Distr, Committee XXXXXXX XXXXXXX, (XX/XX/2008), <em>avaiable XX</em> XXXX://www1.umn.XXX/humanrts/XXX/XXXXXXXXX/XXX-XXXX.XXXX. 5 June XXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXX XXXXX Sweden in XXXXXXXXXX leaflets XXXXXXX, European XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX Rights </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; XXXX-XXXX: small;">(2/9/2012), <em>XXXXXXXXX at</em> <a XXXX="XXXX://www.humanrightseurope.org/2012/02/court-backs-XXXXXX-"><span style="XXXXX: XXXXX;">XXXX://www.humanrightseurope.org/2012/02/court-XXXXX-XXXXXX-</span></a>in-homophobic-leaflet-XXXXXXX/. X June 2015.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: XXXXX; XXXX-family: times XXX roman, XXXXX;">Discrimination and hate speech XX XXX XXXXX of XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX: XX it XXXXXXXXX by XXXXXXX of </span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in X.0001pt 0.XXX;"><span style="font-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: XXXXX new XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXXXXXXX?, XXXXX Rights XXX XXXXXX (X/9/XXXX), <em>XXXXXXXXX XX</em> XXXX://hrlc.org.au/XXXXXXXXX-XXX-v-sweden-XXXX-XXXX-XXX-X-february-XXXX. X June XXXX.</span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-bottom: X.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small; XXXX-XXXXXX: times new XXXXX, XXXXX;">XXXXXXX, Karwan. Strasbourg rules XX anti-gay XXXXXX for the XXXXX time (X/XX/2012), UK Human </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX: XXX 0in X.XXXXXX X.5in;"><span style="XXXX-family: XXXXX XXX roman, XXXXX; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">Rights XXXX, <em>XXXXXXXXX XX</em> <a XXXX="XXXX://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX/XX/13/XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX-on-"><span style="XXXXX: black;">http://ukhumanrightsblog.XXX/XXXX/XX/13/XXXXXXXXXX-rules-XX-</span></a>anti-XXX-speech-XXX-XXX-first-XXXX. X XXXX XXXX.</span></p> <p XXXXX="XXXXXXXXX" style="margin-XXXXXX: X.0001pt;"><span style="XXXX-XXXX: XXXXX; XXXX-XXXXXX: times XXX roman, times;">XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX v. XXXXXX: Hate Speech XXX XXXXXXX XX XXXX, Alliance Defense Fund, </span></p> <p class="XXXXXXXXX" style="XXXXXX: XXX 0in 0.XXXXXX X.XXX;"><span style="XXXX-family: times XXX XXXXX, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;">2012<em>, XXXXXXXXX XX</em> h<a href="XXX://XXX.XXXXXXXX.org/XXXXX/XXXX-04-12_Vejdeland_Update.XXX.%204%20"><span style="XXXXX: black;">XXX://www.adfmedia.org/XXXXX/XXXX-04-12_Vejdeland_Update.pdf. X </span></a>XXXX 2015.</span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoNormal" style="XXXXXX-XXXXXX: 0.XXXXXX; text-indent: X.XXX; background-XXXXX: XXXXXXX; background-XXXXXXXXXX: initial; background-XXXX: initial; background-origin: XXXXXXX; background-XXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX: initial; XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX: initial;"><span style="font-family: times XXX roman, times; font-XXXX: XXXXX;"></span></p> <p XXXXX="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-XXXX: .XXX;"><span style="font-XXXXXX: XXXXX XXX XXXXX, XXXXX; font-XXXX: small;"></span></p>">
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