Wurtz reaction
Alkalenes XXX XX prepared through XXXXX reaction
XXXXX XXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX a metal (XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX, sodium, iron, XXXXXX, zinc XXX XXXXXX) in XXXXXXX (XXXXX halide), such XX XXX ether. XXX XXXXXXX is a XXXXXX alkane and a compound XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXX ions XXX halogen. XXX reaction often XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.
XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX is given as: 2R-X + 2Na → R-X + 2Na+X−
In XXXX equation, XXX R XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX combined XX produce alkaline having a longer chain and XXX. X XX a XXXXXXX.
Mechanism
XXXX reactions produce alkene.
The reaction comprises of a halogen-XXXXX exchange XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX free XXXXXXX species X• (in a similar XXXXXXX XX the formation XX a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX then the carbon-XXXXXX bond formation in a XXXXXXXXXXXX substitution XXXXXXXX.)
One XXXXXXXX XXXX the XXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX to XXXXXXX a XXXXX halide and an XXXXX XXXXXXX.
R-X + M → X• + M+X−
The alkyl radical XXXX accepts an XXXXXXXX XXXX another XXXXX atom to XXXX an XXXXX anion and the metal becomes cationic. XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX has been XXXXXXXX in a several XXXXX.
R• + M → R−M+
XXX nucleophilic XXXXXX XX the alkyl anion XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX in an SN2 XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX a new carbon-carbon XXXXXXXX XXXX.
R−X+ + R-X → R-X + X+X−
References
Smith, M. (2010). XX Disconnect XXXXXXXX: XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX that XXXX Carbon-XXXXXX XXXXX” in Organic XXXXXXXXX. 3rd ed. XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXXX Press, 623-XXX.
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