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Disney Renaissance: The Influence of Xerography and Computer Animated Production System
Throughout the history of animation, specific distinct eras have marked the systematic development and establishment of certain milestones in the animation industry. The recognition of these periods has made it possible for the important events and landmarks in the animation industry to be considered especially in the actions of setting off to bring about continuous innovation. Among the key players in the animation industry is the Disney animation studios. The Disney Animation studio company started in 1923 in a small office setting in Los Angeles. This is where Walt Disney and his brother who was called Roy made a production of various short animation films which they called ALICE COMEDIES as a collective name. The Disney brothers used to pay a rent of $10 for the office. The staff at Disney grew in no time and they later decided to move out and find a larger space. The new office location had a sign on the window that read “Disney Bros studio”. In 1925, the Disney made a deposit in the Silver Lake district on the Hyperion Avenue lot. The construction activities for a new studio began thereafter. Fourteen years later Disney went through various changes. In 1928, Mickey Mouse was created, this was later followed by Pluto, Goofy, Donald duck and others. With regards to the application of technology, the Disney Renaissance period is an essential historical milestone that can illustrate these developments.
The Disney Renaissance refers to the decade spanning from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Animation Studios returned to produce critically and commercially successful animated films. Disney became a powerhouse, producing animated films with great domestic and foreign success, making much more profit than most of the other Disney films of the past eras. This period starts in 1988 with the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit? this film took place in a real life setting and had an animation film also. The Disney Renaissance era brought back the storytelling that involved musical fairy tales that was seen in the previous XXXXXX and silver age. XXXXX released XXXXXX this era XXXX XXX XXXXXX Mermaid, the XXXXXXXX XXXX Under, Beauty XXX XXX Beast, Aladdin. The XXXX XXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, XXX Hunchback of Notre XXXX, Hercules, Tarzan XXX XXXXX. XXX films in XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX first that XXXXXX Ashman XXX Alan XXXXXX worked XX XXXXXXX. XXXXX two contributed XXXXXXX XX XXX musical XXXXXXXXXXX and success of Disney films. The XXXX XXX films XXXXXXXX during XXXX time composed of XXXXXXXXX themes that XXXX XXX a great impact on the XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XX millennials today. for example, XXX Hunchback XX Notre XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXX films have lessons XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX according to their XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. The Mulan and Hercules XXXXXXXXX films XXXXXXXX XX XXX essence of XXXXXX sacrifices. XXXXXX had XXXX XXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX of XXX Little Mermaid XXXX XXX XXXXX XXX XXXX following XXX XXXXXXXXXX Roger Rabbit, XXXX XXX a XXXXXXXX XX XXXX it into a XXXXXXX animation XXXX a more XXXXXXXX touch to it.Horward Ashman XXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX part XX XXXX production XXXXXXX they XXX earlier worked in XXX XXXXXX in Broadway and Little XXXX XX XXXXXXX. XXXX made the song compositions for XXX film XXX also XXXXXX on the score.
XXXX period in XXXX for the XXXXXXX marks XXX XX the XXXX remarkable XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXX history, XXXXX XXXXXXXXX severe XXXXXXXX XXXXXX during the XXXXX. XXXXXX XXXX decade, founder XXXX Disney had been dead XXX 14 years, having XXXX XXX animated film,XXXXXXXX XXXXXX(1959) XXXXX he XXXXXX XXXX. Not XXXX XXX Disney XXXXXXXXX by XXX producing XXXXXXXXX films XXX productions, XXX the company XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, in XXXX, in 1984, companies and XXXXXXXXXXX devised a hostile takeover XX XXXXXX. During XXXX XXXX, XXXX XXXXXXXXX and XXXXX XXXXX Jacobs tried XX XXXXXXXX the company taking advantage of Disney’s poor XXXXXXXXXX. XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX where XXXX by XXX President XXXXX Cardon Walker, an XXXXXXX XXX climbed XXX latter of XXX XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX being the mailroom XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX his way XX to vice-XXXXXXXXX in charge XX XXXXXXXXXX, later XXXXX XXXXXXXXX, and in 1981 XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XX the XXXXX. XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX by many of his coworkers for XXX tyrannical approach XXX XXX criticized by XXXX in the XXXXXXX XX not adopting advertising XXX XXXXXXXX to listen to others. Many members of XXXXXX at the XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX business XXXXXXXXXX as “playing it XXXX” XXX connecting with XXX film XXXXXXXX, only XXXXXXXXX theme parks. XXXX XXXXXXX XXX to XXX XXXXXX, XXXXXX XX XXXX Disney, XXX XXXXXXX stockholder at XXX time, to XXXXXX XXXXXXX, “It XX with deep regret XXXX I hereby tender my XXXXXXXXXXX as Vice President and XXXXXXXX of XXXX XXXXXX Productions, XXX to what XXXX XX XX XX XX deep XXX irreconcilable philosophical XXXXXXXXXXX with XXXXXXX management.” During XXXX XXXX, XXXX XXXXXXXXX, chairman XX Reliance XXXXX Holdings, XXX known as a XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX later XXX XXX of XXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXX advantage of Disney’s weak XXXXXXXX, he attempted XX execute a XXXXXXXX buyout (XXXXXXXX of a company XXXXXXX the use XX debt). XX spite of Steinberg’s corporate takeover, XXXX Disney XXXXXXXX several XXXXXXXXXX XX pursue in XXXXXXXXXX XX ward off this initiative. Most of these strategies XXXXXX down XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX’s XXXXXX by issuing XXXX XXXXXX. XXXX XXXXXXXXXX made XXXXXXXXX fail in his XXXXXXX XXX control of Disney, in XXXX, XXXXXX later XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX the rest of XXXXXX XXXXXX, which he XXXXXX in order to acquire XXX company.XFollowing the Dark Age of Disney, XXX important factors led XX XXX resurgence XX XXX XXXXXXX. It was XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXX, XXX joined XXXXXX’s XXXXXXXXXX as XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX president XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXX was XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX critically and commercially acclaimed XXXXX XXXX asXXXXXXX of the Lost Arc, XXXXXXXX XXXXX Fever, XXXX-XXXX – XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX, An XXXXXXX XXX a XXXXXXXXX, Terms of XXXXXXXXXXXXX48 Hours.XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX these XXX would XXXXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXX management XXXXXXX Roy O. Disney and XXXX, Roy XXXXXXXX XXX financial knowledge while XXXX was the creative XXXX. XXXX Eisner boosting a much-needed creative resurgence XXX XXXXX stabilizing a XXXXXXXXX company, the XXXXX thought XXXX XXXX would establish XXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX, creating much needed XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX.
Eisner XXXXXXXX a XXXX straightforward formula, XXXXXX XXXXX based XX classical fairy tales XXX stories, using XXX XXXX yet XXXXXXXX animation technique asSleeping Beauty (1959),that is, hand-drawn XXXXXXXXX, in XXXX, while many companies XXXXX XXXXXXXXX to adopt computer XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX cel XXXXXXXXX or XXXXXX XXXXX as xerography. XXX XXXXXXX the most XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XX Eisner XXX XXXXX was XXXXX back to Disney’s XXXXX, looking for XXX best XXXXX XXXXXXX. XXXXXX’s Dark XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX in their XXXXXXX change of XXXXXX XXXXX, XXXXX XXXX XX what made Disney so XXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXX was a big part XX it, XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX animation XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX one XX XXXXXX’s main XXXXXXXXX, which XXXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXX of story telling made Disney rise from XXX XXXXX. XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX to XXXXXXXXX was another XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX employed XX Disney; XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX to XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX very reminiscent XX big Broadway XXXXXXXX, XXXXX gave XXX XXXXXXXXX much XXXX XXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXX XXXXXX and XXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXXX and lyricist, XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXX XX the production ofXXX Little Mermaid,XXXXXX key XXXXXXXXXXXX in the XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX. Another important factor that XXXXXXXX XXX further XXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX XXX the integration XX a XXX XXXXXXXXXX developed by Disney in the mid 80’s called Computer XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX System (XXXX) which XXXXXXXXX XX taking the
XXX-XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX to a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. XXX XXXXX test of CAPS was XXXXXXXXThe Little Mermaid,although XXX XXXXXXXXXXX, however, the XXXXX XXXX XX be XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX Down Under.This XXXXXXX XXXXXXX for more XXXXXXXXX camera XXXXXXXX that XXX never been seen in XXXXXXXXX. It XXXX XXXXXXX for XXXXXXXXXXX XXX 3-D models, XXXXXX it XXXXXXXX XX other XXXX XXXXXXXXX producing XXXXXXXX films. These factors contributed to the XXXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXXXXXX that produced since XXXX a film XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX commercial and XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. XXX executive pressure XXX to newer technologies such as XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXXX and Computer XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Systems that paved XXX way XXX rebirth, and XXXXXX a giant XXXX in XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.
The XXXXXXXXXXX age contributed XX animation just XX the present Hollywood contributed XX XXXXXX. XXX renaissance period in the animation, XXXXXX XXX attainment XX quality in term XX XXXXXXXXXXXX. This achievement XXXXX in XXX attainment o artistic respect for the XXXXXXXXX XXXXX. XX XXX 80s, XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX was XXXXX in the XXXX prior XX XXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX animation films
XXXX XXXX Disney XXXXXX XX the XXXXXXX and XXX XXXXXXXXXX book XX Dodie smith, it was an XXXXXXX creation and XXXX XXXXX it. This story XXX every XXXXXX XX XXXX the XXXXXX animation XXX. XXXX XXXXXX XX XXXX XXXX changes in the XXXXX. XXXXXX XXX a problem which XXXXXXXX around how XX puppies XXXXX be animated with spots. They needed to do XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX a recurrence XX financial situations XXXX those XX Lady and XXX XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXX XXXX was XXXXXXXXXXX inXXXXXXXX beauty.
XX XXX time XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXX war, XXXXX XXX begun the development of a photocopying XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX. XXXXX XXXX established a commercial component of XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX the 1950s.XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX paper XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX Iwerks XXX impressed XXXX XXXX establishment.
XX work with XXXXX for the XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX the rules in filmmaking. XXX final XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX animation drawings that XXXX printed onto cels directly. This XXXX enabled XXXXXX to XXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXX with XXXX inking for each XXX XXXXX cent XXXX hectic procedure of hand inking I'd made it XXXXXXXXX for XXXXXX in Alice In XXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX XX XXXXX technology XXXXXXX XXXXXX XX photocopy XX XXXXXX puppies for the XXX the XXX Dalmatians. this this XXXXXXXXXX XXX hectic procedure XX having XX XXXX XXXX XXX XXX 99 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. There was a sloppy XXXXXX resulting XXXX XXXX since XXX XXXXXXXX marks XX XXXXXX could still be XXXX. XXX XX the XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX there XXX a duplicate of XXXX than 99 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXX a XXXXXXXXXXXX of black XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX from the XXX dalmatians animation film. XXX Rescuers XXXX most XX the XXXXXXXXXX were XXXX in black outline XXXXXXXXXX XXXX Disney animation we get from the XXXX XXXX animated characters XXXX XXX the XXXX in lady and the XXXXX XXXXXXX a more cartoon animation XXXX XX used for XXX 101 dalmatian film Afterwards XXXXXXXXXX XXX used in the XXXXXXXX XXXXXX films XXX XXXX XXXXXX and the XXXXX XX 1991.
Walt disliked XXXX XXXXXXX because it XXXX XXXX it was a step backwards to the use of techniques XXXX were considered XX XX crude. it is certain that xerography XXX XXXX artistic aspects XXX it was XXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXX save XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XX production. The dinosaur XXXXXXXXX XXXX was XX use CGI XXXXXXXXX technique. XXXX XXXXX became an XXXXXXXXX aspect in the success XX the present XXX. XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX discarded the use XX XX animation XXX XXXXXXXX three dimensions. XXX XXXXXXXX elimination of XX animation was hastened XX XXX XXXXXXXXX XX increased XXXXX competition XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX Search XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX Blue sky. on. As a XXXXXX of XXX success in XXX XXXXXXX Disney worked towards XXXXXXXXXX the process XX hand XXXXXX XXXX. Disney XXXXXXX XXX XXX XX xerography XXX XXX different XXXXXXXXX films XXXX XX the Sword in XXX XXXXX XXX The XXXXXX Mermaid.
This XXXXXXXXX was later XXXXXXX for XXX Rescuers Down XXXXX by a newly-XXXXXXXXXXX system XXXXX as CAPS. this system XXX been XXXXXXXXX XX a firm XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX efficiency XXX XXXXXXXXX in that other films XXXX XXX not do XXXX as XXX XXX XXX-XXXXXX could still XXXXX a XXXXX XX breaking even. XXXXXX XXXXX from XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX onwards XXXXXXXX the use XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XX XXX use XX XXXXXXXX devices. XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX production XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XX digitally XXX Ink and XXXXXX XX XXX animated characters. this XXXXXXXXX XXX used XX create XXX XXXXXXX at the end XX The Little XXXXXXX animation film. XXXX XXXXXX had its XXXXXXX utilization in the Rescuers XXXX XXXXX which XXX released in XXXXXXXX in XXXX. XXXX XXXXXXX Disney fuel to XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX in XXX technological XXXXXX of the XXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX complexity in XXXXXXXXX technology brought XXXXX XXX use XX more XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX images for XXX Disney films. The XXX XXXXXXXXXX Was XXXX XXXX XXXXXX utilization in a 2D animation film the Rescuers Down XXXXX XXX the great Mouse XXXXXXXXX. it was XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX in XXX Beauty XXX the Beast Disney's XXXX. XXX XXXXX with XXX ballroom dance in Beauty XXX the XXXXX XXX XXXXXX a CGI Application. XXXX application XXXXXXXX XXX cinematography XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX Disney XXXXXXXXX. the late nineties XXXXXX a period of the development of a new XX I XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXX canvas. XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX of depth XXX XXXXXX's animation XXXXX.
XXX Deep XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX in XXX XXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXXX XX a XX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXX like a XXXXX XXXXXXXXX or XXXXXXXXX representation or even an aspect in the background and then XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX to create its cohesiveness in XXXXXXXX XX the 2D XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX with XXX XXXXXXX. XXX example, the XXXXX in XXXXXX XXXXX XXX characters will XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX, the motion in XXX XXXXXXX of Atlantis, XXX scenes in the treasure Planet are all vital XXXXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX technological XXXXXXXXX. the XXXX canvas XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in the establishment XX XXXXXXXXX environments with XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX Capabilities of Life activities .XXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXXX was XXX Toy Story XXXX was rolled out in XXXX.this markeda XXXXXX Beginning XXX XXXXX.XX XXXXX later, XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX with XXXXX and XXXX a bold XXXX XX use XXX XXX XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXX XX their films. XXXX XXXXXXXXX comprises over XXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXXX that XXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX detail XXXX the application of less effort. XXXX advancement in XXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX has XXX to the to the XXXXXXXXX elimination of XX animation XX animation is now made XXXX pre-rendered models XX 3D aspects XXXXX XXX used XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX. for XX animations the frames XXX drawn XXX by one. creation XX XX models is like XXX Claymation process XXX by XXX of a computer. This increased complexity in XXX animation industry XXXXXXX technology will XXXXXXXXXXXX lead XX establishment XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX an XXXXXXX technology of XXXXXX capture XXX steady lighting XX films.
XXXX-Renaissance XXX
XXXX XXX is XXXX XXXXX as the second dark age. this is XXX XXXX between 2000 XX XXXX.XXXXXXX records XXXX this period XXXXXX as compared XX the XXXXXXXX eras. XXXX time XXX XXXXXX by XXXXXX's XXXXXXX 2 trying out XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX in their storytelling. This XXX a similar XXXXXX like XXXX XX the Bronze XXX in XXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXX's animation. This period was marked by XXXXX such as Brother Bear, Bolt, meet XXX XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX Little, XXXXXXXX Planet, Lilo XXX XXXXXX, Atlantis, XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXX Empire and The XXXXXXX's New Groove. These XXXXX had new XXXXXXX of the storytelling process which was to serve XXX XXXX XXXXXX XX incorporation of more XXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX films who XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXX market of XXXX XXX XXX been growing up from the XXXXXX Renaissance XXXXXX and were teenagers and young adults in the post-XXXXXXXXXXX XXX. XXXX films in the XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX era registered moderate success for XXX Disney animation Studios. Lilo XXX XXXXXX Succeeded XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX gave XXXX several XXXXXXXXXX shows. XXXXXXX, XXXXX XX this XXX first XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX franchises like Lord XX XXX XXXXX XXX Harry Potter. XXX films in this age XXXX innovative and creative XXXXXXX XXX Stiff XXXXXXXXXXX faced. The dinosaur XXXXXXXXX film was the first XX use CGI animation XXXXXXXXX. XXXX XXXXX became an XXXXXXXXX aspect in XXX XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXX XXX. the XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX discarded the use XX XX animation and embraced three XXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXX elimination of XX XXXXXXXXX was XXXXXXXX by XXX existence of increased XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX other XXXXXXX XXXXXX us XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX sky. The post XXXXXXXXXXX era XX essential since it has kept XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX XXX post XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX Disney renaissance period XXXXXXXXX the challenges an XXXXXXXXXXXX in that period.
XX XXXXXXXXXX, XXX Disney renaissance XXXXXX is a vital era in the XXXXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXX. XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX Disney animation studios XXXX through XX seen XXXX the XXXXXX in this XXXXXX, it XX clear XXXX it has XXX been easy XXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX time. XXX technological growth in XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX approaches XXXX XX XX,XX, XXXXXXXXXX XXX computer applications XXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX animation company XX where it is XXXXX. The application XX XXXXXXXXXX in XXX production XX animation films XXX enhanced continuous XXXXXX of the XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XX films XXXXXXXX. This XXX in return XXXXXXXX revenue for companies such as XXX Walt Disney XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. XXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX such as the CGI technique XXX also saved XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX and money that they XXXX used to XXXXXX I traditional techniques of XXXX XXXXXXXXXX. If XXXXXXXXXX innovation is XXXXXXXX in technological advancement in XXX XXXXXXXXX industry, there will XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX and complexity in film production in future.
REFERENCES:
Johnston, Ollie, XXX Frank XXXXXX. XXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXX: Disney XXXXXXXXX. New York: XXXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXX
“The Bigger XXXXXX From XXXX Steinberg’s XXXX XXXX Disney”XXX XXXXXXXXX16 July XXXX:69X
XXXXXX X. (XXXX). Walt XXXXXX XXXXXXX: The XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX Eisner. XXXXXXX Kentucky University. XX X-262
XXX, Michelle. "Sisters doin'it XXX themselves: Frozen XXX the evolution of the XXXXXX XXXXXXX." Screen Education 74 (XXXX): XX.
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