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X.XX) [XX]. Scale dents, XXXX than XX% XXXX female. The XXXXXX of male reliability was assessed in XXXXXXX XX different profes- XXX female XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX physicians was XXXXXX sions. The median Cronbach's α XX a measure of XXXXXXXX equal. XXX majority XX physicians XXXX XXXXXXX while XXXXXXXXXXX was 0.XX (XXXXXXX: X.79, XXXXXXX: X.86). most of the students XXXXXXXX living "single". XXXXXXX- XXX validity XX the measure was XXXX supported XX moder- mately 80% of physicians XXXXXX XX in-XXXXXXX XXXXXXX- ate XX XXXX correlations XXXX scales XXXXXXXXX related XXXXX (XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX), XXX remainder in a constructs (e. g., FPI, MBI). The health XXXXXXXXX XX the private XXXXXXXX (XX.4%) or other XXXXX (X.4%). patterns was supported by XXXXXXXX correlations with a XXXXX set XX XXXXXXXX such as XXXXXXXXXX, well-being, XXXX- XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX, XXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXX, XXXX-X behaviour XX XXXXXXXX to a XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, XXX ques- or burnout. tionnaire "XXXX-Related XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX- terns" (XXXX)[XX,26,XX] XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXX XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX types XX XXXX-XXXXXXX experience and XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX developed XX gather self-reported behaviour XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXX about personal XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX work-XXXXXXX stress XXXXXXXXX XX follows [XX-28]: and typical behavioural responses XX XXXX with XXXXXX. XX detail, the XXXXXXXXXXXXX covers XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX X. Type X: The 'Healthy-Ambitious' Type XXXXXXX: a) XXXXXXXXXXXX commitment, b) resistance XX XXXX pattern XXXXXXXXXX a healthy XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX. XXXXXX, XXX c) XXXXXXXXX XXXX-being (in XXX context XX The individuals are XXXXXXXXX at XXXX, XXX XXXX able XX work) which XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX 11 XXXXXXXX scales (Addi- XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX distance XXXX work. XXXX XXXXX XXXX tional XXXX 1). XXXX scale consists XX 6 XXXXX XXXX response in XXX dimensions that represent resistance to XXXXXX and in options presented as a 5-XXXXX XXXXXX-scale XXXXXXX from "I XXX dimensions XXXXXXX to XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. strongly disagree" to "I XXXXXXXX XXXXX". In order XX XXXXX- XXXX an XXXXXXXXXX's XXXXXXX of behavioural XXXXXXXX XX 2. XXXX S: The 'XXXXXXXXXXX' XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX stress, it XX XXXXXXXXX to XX beyond the anal- A rather unambitious attitude towards XXXX XX characteris- ysis of the XXXXXX scales. Information about the configura- tic for XXXX XXXXXXX with the XXXXXX scores in the dimen- XXXX of XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX has a XXXX predictive XXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX to XXXX and highest XXXXXX XXXXXXXX parameters for each XXXXXXXXX [XX]. For example, in capacity XXX XXXXXXXXXX. Nevertheless, low XXXXXX XXXX high professional XXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX does XXX XXXXXX- a XXXXXXXX XX resignation and XXXXXX XX XXXX scores XXX XXXX a XXXXXX risk. XXXXXXX, XX a XXXXXXXX XX XXXX profes- XXXXX XXXXXXX, satisfaction with XXXX, XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX commitment is coupled with reduced capacity to social support XXXXXXX a XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX experience XXXX XXXX, XXX combination of these XXX XXXXXX may XXX the XXXX. XXX challenge of XXXX XXXXXXX is less in XXXXXX than in XXXXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXX risk XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX prob- XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. lems. In order to XXXXXXXX characteristic XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX traits XXXX help XX estimate a XXXXXX's health Table X: XXXXXXXXXXX characteristics of students XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXX Physicians XXX–8th year n = 345 n = 344 XXXXXXXX 1st XXXX n = 471 24.6 (X.5) 34.4 (X.4) XX.7 51.2 XXX (SD) female (%) XX.8 (X.6) XX.X XX.X Gender male (%) 61.X XX.9 98.X German (%) 38.3 X.1 1.2 Nationality XXXXX (%) 89.X X.1 53.X married (%) 10.1 39.1 XX.0 XXXXXXX XXXXXX with XXXXXXX (%) X.5 XX.0 XX.X XXXXXX (%) XX.6 0.9 X.8 divorced/XXXXXXXXX/widowed (%) 78.7 X.2 XXXX 3 XX X (page XXXXXX XXX XXX citation XXXXXXXX) BMC Medical Education XXXX, X:46 XXXX://www.biomedcentral.XXX/XXXX-6920/X/46 XX XXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXX G XXX S, XXX following two XXX Statistical XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX shown to XX XXXXXX to illness. XXXX therefore XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX out XXXX SPSS XXX Windows play a key role in XXXXXXXXXX impairment XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX.X (SPSS XXX., Chicago, XX, XXX). Descriptive sta- health. tistics XXX XXXXXXXXX in terms XX counts, percentages, means XXX standard XXXXXXXXXX. For XXXXXXXXXX (X), the X. Risk XXXX A: The 'XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX' XXXX relative fractions of the different XXXXXXXXXXX patterns This XXXXXXX is characterised XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX to were XXXXXXXX. XXX hypothesis (2) XXX (3), the differences XXXX XXX difficulties XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX from between XXXXX groups in the AVEM-XXXXXXXXXX were ana- XXXX. XXXXXXX coping abilities in XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX in a XXX-XXXXXXXXX MANCOVA using general linear negative XXXXXXXX XXXX characterise XXXX exhausting pat- model (GLM) XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX AVEM-dimensions as tern. XXXXXXXXXXX with risk XXXXXXX A show XXXX similari- dependent XXXXXXXXX, study groups and gender as XXXX- ties to the concept XX type-X behaviour XXXXXXXXX XXX pendent variables XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX as XXXXXXXXX. Samples coronary XXXXXX disease XXX myocardial XXXXXXXXXX [29]. were XXX adjusted for age XXX to the XXXX XXXXXXX correla- High XXXXXXXX correlations have been observed for risk tion between age XXX study XXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX in the XXX- type X and type A XXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX behaviour XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX with XX XXXX. XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX used to XXXXXX XXX X. XXXX XXXX B: The 'XXXXXXXX' Type multiple XXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX pattern show XXX XXXXXX XXX XXX dimensions XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. They Results attain high XXXXXX XXX the XXXXXXXX to resignation and cor- respondingly low scores XXX XXXXXXXXX distancing and Behaviour XXXXXXXX active XXXXXX. Their emotional XXXXXX is characterised XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX risk XXXXXXXX in the three XXXXXXX XX XXX scores XXX XXXXXXX and XXXXXX stability, satisfaction XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX 1. XXX highest XXXXXXXXX XX resigned XXXX work, XXX satisfaction XXXX life, XXX shows XXXXXXX and burnout-related risk pattern B was observed in XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX social XXXXXXX. XXXX pattern XXXXXXXXXX XXX physician sample (27%). XXX XXXX XXXXXX pattern in XXXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX with XXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX year XXXXXXXX XXX the unambitious burnout scores measured with standard XXXXXXXXXXX type S (43% XX. 41%). XX the XXXXXX XX first-year students, (MBI) [XX]. XX% XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXX ambitious pattern X, XXX nearly a XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX the unambitious XXXXXXX S and the XXXXXXXXXXX ambitious risk pattern X (XXX- 100% 17.2 23.X 27.X XX% 23.X X.X XX.X XX% 70% Risk Type B XX% Risk Type X XXXX S XX% 24.4 41.X XXXX X 40% XX% XX.X XX% XX.1 XX.0 XX% XX.7 0% First XXXX (n=XXX) XXXXX Year (n=339) XXXXXXXXXX (n=XXX) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX patterns XX medical XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX experience XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX students and physicians. Type G: healthy XXXXXXX, Type S: XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXX XXXX A: pattern XX overexertion, Risk type X: resignation XXXXXXX. XXXX X XX X (page XXXXXX XXX for XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX) XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX, 8:46 http://XXX.biomedcentral.XXX/XXXX-6920/8/46 XXX 1). The XXXXXXXXXXX between the distribution XX XXX- fifth XXXX students. Physicians scored significantly lower XXXXX in XXX XXXXX XXXXXX were XXXXXX significant (χ2 = XX subjective significance of XXXX and XXXXXX XXXXXXXX, 85.65; df = X; p < .001; X = .XX). Only the fifth-year stu- XXX higher on XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX showed XXXXXXXXXXX between XXXX XXX female XXX- XXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX XX emotional well-XXXXX (XXXXXXXX- XXXXX in XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of patterns χ2 = 9.32; XX = 3; p = XXXX with XXXX and XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXX XXXXXXX) .XXX; φ = .17), XXXXXX XXX to XXX lower prevalence XX XXX- were also XXXXX compared to students. XXX physicians XXXX G and higher XXXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXXXXXX pattern XXXX XXXXXX higher than XXX students XXXX XXXXXXX to XXX- S among XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. ance XXX mental stability (XXXXXX X). XXXXXX-XXXXXXXX dimensions Table X shows the total XXX scores of the XXXXX XXXXXX for XXXXXXX XX XXX two-factorial XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX show a sig- XXX XXXX dimensions, XXXXXXXXXXX between XXXX and XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX between XXX XXXXX groups (XXXXX X = female subjects and main effects XXX interactions XX XXXX- .XX, F(XX, XXXX) = XX.37, p < .XXX, XXXXX effect XXXX XX = XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX and covariates. XX all XXXXX samples, .XX) XX XXX XXXXX of XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX gender females XXXXXX XXXXX on XXXXXX ambition XXX higher on XXX marital XXXXXX. The first-XXXX XXXXXXXX differed signifi- XXXXXXXXXXX tendencies. Scores for XXXXXXX XXX mental XXX- XXXXXX XXXX the fifth-XXXX XXXXXXXX in six XXXXXXXXXX bility in the student groups were XXXXXX in males com- XXXXXX XXXXXXXX to the domains XXXXXXXXXXXX commitment XXXXX to females. XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX and XXX resistance to XXXXXX. In the XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX physicians, XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX more XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXX, career XXXXXXXX, tendency XX exert, and XXXXXXXX for XXXXX. XXX female physicians XXXXXX higher on the dimen- perfection, XXX fifth-year XXXXXXXX scored XXXX XXXXX, sion XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX. The XXXX XXXXXXX of sample XXXXX scoring XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. In the XXXXXXXXXX, gender XXX marital status were XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX of emotional XXXX-being, XXXXX year XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX interaction XXXXXXX gender and study XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX higher scores XX XXXXXX support than Stanine 3 X XX X X. XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX,2,3 First XXXX 2. XXXXXX ambition 1,X,3 X. XXXXXXXX to XXXXX 1,X Fifth XXXX 4. XXXXXXXX for perfection 1,3 X. XXXXXXXXX distancing X,X,X X. XXXXXXXXXXX tendencies 7. Offensive XXXXXX XXXX problems XXXXXXXXXX X. XXXXXXX XXX mental stability X,X X. Satisfaction XXXX work X,3 XX. XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX life 2 11. Experience XX XXXXXX support X,X,3 *XXXXXXXXXXX differences (p<.XX; 1 first XXXX XX. fifth year, 2 first year vs. XXXXXXXXXX, 3 XXXXX XXXX vs. XXXXXXXXXX)) XXXXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX of medical XXXXXXXX and physicians XXXXXX-relevant XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXX students and physicians. The XXXXXX dimensions can be XXXXXXX into three domains: professional commitment (1–X), XXXXXX capacity (6–8) XXX emotional well-being (9–11). Results are presented XX XXX- nine scores. ("XXXXXXXX nine" (XXXXXXX) XX a XXXXXX of XXXXXXX XXXX scores on a nine-XXXXX XXXXXXXX scale XXXX a XXXX of five and a XXXXXXXX deviation XX two and was used XX compare scores XX the study groups in one XXXXX number.) XXXX 5 XX 9 (page XXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXX purposes) XXXX://XXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX-6920/X/46 Table X: XXXXXX-relevant XXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXX women Fifth Year XXXXXXXXXX Page 6 XX 9 First Year (page XXXXXX not XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX) XXXXX Male XXXXXX XXXXX Male XXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX gender marital XXXXXXX* (n = XXX) (n = XXX) (n = 288) (n = 339) (n = 113) (n = 226) (n = XXX) (n = XXX) (n = 176) XXXXXX gender X SD M XX M SD p X SD M SD M XX p M SD X SD M XX p p XXXX p eta2 p XXXX p XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX 16.XX 4.XX XX.XX 5.21 16.60 X.45 X.053 14.XX X.XX 14.XX X.XX XX.XX 4.XX 0.808 XX.XX X.59 13.XX 4.XX XX.XX X.XX 0.XXX 0.000 X.045 X.XXX X.001 X.XXX 0.003 X.XXX 0.XXX career XXXXXXXX XX.64 X.15 XX.XX X.10 21.25 4.14 X.XXX 19.XX 4.84 XX.XX X.49 XX.XX X.XX X.000 18.01 X.85 19.XX X.XX XX.76 X.XX X.XXX 0.000 0.XXX X.000 X.XXX X.369 0.XXX X.041 0.006 XXXXXXXX XX XXXXX XX.28 X.95 XX.35 X.XX XX.XX 3.XX X.675 17.XX 4.49 17.XX 4.XX XX.XX 4.30 0.XXX XX.XX X.19 XX.XX X.XX XX.XX 5.39 X.XXX 0.XXX X.XXX 0.XXX 0.006 0.777 0.XXX X.228 0.003 striving for perfection XX.23 X.XX 21.XX 4.XX 21.XX 4.XX X.XXX 19.XX 4.XX XX.40 4.XX XX.XX 4.36 X.688 XX.XX X.XX 20.72 4.XX XX.XX 4.XX 0.XXX 0.XXX 0.032 0.414 X.001 X.XXX X.XXX 0.742 X.001 emotional XXXXXXXXXX 17.18 3.88 17.69 3.85 XX.88 X.88 0.XXX 19.XX X.88 19.31 X.96 XX.17 3.82 0.040 XX.XX 5.XX 18.89 5.13 18.89 X.08 0.XXX X.XXX X.047 0.XXX X.XXX X.841 X.000 X.032 X.XXX XXXXXXXXXXX tendencies XX.XX 4.19 XX.89 X.XX 17.65 X.22 X.XXX 16.XX 4.XX XX.XX X.63 16.XX 4.52 X.XXX XX.XX X.XX 15.76 X.XX 17.XX X.83 X.XXX 0.088 X.004 0.XXX 0.XXX X.XXX X.001 X.XXX X.000 XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX 20.97 3.54 21.54 X.59 XX.62 X.XX 0.XXX XX.XX 3.99 XX.73 4.18 20.XX 3.XX X.034 XX.XX X.XX XX.XX 3.XX 20.XX X.XX 0.XXX X.080 0.XXX 0.XXX 0.014 0.XXX 0.XXX X.XXX X.XXX XXXXXXX XXX mental stability XX.XX 4.31 20.XX 4.14 18.XX 4.XX X.XXX XX.XX X.XX 20.XX X.XX 18.XX 4.XX 0.XXX XX.98 4.XX XX.44 5.XX XX.56 X.57 0.153 0.XXX X.003 X.000 0.XXX 0.705 X.000 X.362 X.XXX XXX Medical XXXXXXXXX 2008, X:XX XXXXXXXXXXXX with XXXX XX.03 X.XX 23.XX 3.74 XX.33 X.XX X.048 XX.XX X.XX XX.XX 4.XX XX.XX 3.XX X.772 22.XX X.XX 22.XX 4.XX XX.48 X.XX X.947 0.XXX 0.XXX X.XXX 0.001 X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX X.XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX with XXXX XX.74 3.90 XX.46 X.XX 22.91 3.XX X.XXX XX.XX X.XX 22.XX 4.XX XX.XX 4.XX 0.XXX XX.XX 4.66 XX.22 X.XX 22.XX X.XX X.XXX X.000 0.XXX 0.086 0.XXX 0.000 X.XXX 0.XXX 0.002 XXXXXXXXXX of social XXXXXXX XX.78 X.XX XX.XX 4.XX 24.97 4.35 X.235 24.XX 4.35 XX.11 4.57 XX.44 4.XX 0.011 XX.XX 4.73 22.21 X.66 XX.23 X.76 X.XXX 0.000 X.XXX X.XXX 0.XXX 0.000 X.XXX X.419 0.002 Total raw XXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX groups XXX the AVEM XXXXXXXXXX, differences XXXXXXX male XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX variables XXX XXXXXXXXXX. BMC XXXXXXX Education XXXX, 8:XX XXXX://www.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.com/1472-6920/8/46 was barely XXXXXXXXXXX (p = .XXX) XXX showed XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX- in XXXX two dimensions with a XXXX effect XXXX. land [XX], XXXXXX XXXXXX in a survey among Canadian XXX- XXXXXXX [X]. XXX observed XXXXXXXX of the healthy pattern X XXXXXXXXXX among XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX the lowest XXXXXXXX for XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX such XX teachers, XXXXXXXX founders or nurses XXX XXXX XXXXXXX XX our study was to XXXXXXXX psychoso- [XX,38]. cial health XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXXX- or work- XXXXXXX behaviour and experience in XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXX distance XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX. The AVEM questionnaire identifies XXX only XXXXXXXXXX important domains and dimensions of XXXX-XXXXXXX indi- The most XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XX this study is XXXXXXXXX the vidual XXXXXXXXX, but XXXX allows XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX- XXXX XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX S observed in XXXXX- terns that indicate serious XXXXXX XXXXX. XXXX students and physicians. In contrast XX the XXXXXXX stereotype of physicians being XXXXXX motivated XXXX XXXXXX-XXXXXXXX behaviour and XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX achievers in a XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, this XXXX is XXXXXX- XXX XXXXXXXX XX first-year XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX the healthy terised by XXX self-XXXXXXXXX significance XX XXXX XXX XXX- XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX G. XXXXXXX, it XX important XX XXXX fessional XXXXXXXX and XXXX XXXXXXXXX distancing XXXX that XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX first hypothesis, this XXX not XXX XXXX. Taking XXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXX for XXX dimen- XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX: approximately XXX XXXXXX XX XXX sions of XXXXXXXXX XXXX-XXXXX, in particular in XXXX XXX- XXXXXXXX presented the overambitious risk XXXXXXX A. sicians, XXXX seems to reflect frustration and XXXXXXXX. The XXXXX XXXX may XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX account high fraction XX XXXXXXXX risk XXXXXXX B XXXXX physicians XXX challenging education XXX professional XXXX, XXX XXX (27%) which represents XXX XXXX symptoms XX the XXXX- XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX risk XXXXXXX represents a tendency XX out XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX. While XXX rel- XXXXXXXXX and difficulties XX distance oneself XXXX work. A XXXXXXX low XXXXXXXX rate in physicians XXX XXXX comparable XXXXXXXX presented with the XXXXXXXXXXX S influenced XXXX XXXXXX, comparisons between responders XXXX, XXX 17% of XXXXXXXX XXXX a XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX- XXX XXXX-in XXXXX XX not indicate a strong XXXXXXXXX XXXX. XXXXXXX risk pattern B are XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX XX XX XXX The low response rate XX XXXXXXXXXX might XXXXXX be an beginning XX their XXXXXXX. This XXXXXXX is supported XX additional clue of XXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXX XXXXXX. Other other XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX a similar XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXX- researchers confirm increasing XXXXXXXXXXXX even in cal vulnerability at XXXX early stage of study and XXXXXXXXX younger XXXXXXXXXX [39,40]. XXX XXXX coping styles XXX XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX traits for XXX XXXXXXXXXXX observed in XXX XXXXXXXXX sample XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XX stress XXX psychosocial symptoms [XX,XX,XX]. XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXX as XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXX- In concordance with our second hypothesis, physicians XXXXXX XXXX-being and health concerns relating to the pro- XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX of XXX healthy XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX- fession. This XX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX fact that psychiatric XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX both XXXXXXX groups, XXX correspond- morbidity in students XXX physicians is XXXXXX but stu- XXXXX higher scores XXX XXX XXXXXXX-XXXXXXX risk XXXXXXX X. dents XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX XX seek help [X,XX,42]. This XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX researchers who XXXXXXXX an accumulation and worsening XX effects in XXXXXXX XXX- Gender-XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX-related dimensions XXXXXX and professional XXXX over XXXX [X,XX,33]. In XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX scored XXXXX XXXX males on XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX and XXXXX XXXXXXXX a signif- XXXXXX ambition in XXX study groups. Especially in XXXXX year icantly worse physical and psychological well-being as students XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX may XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXX as life satisfaction XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX year of residency career XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXX professional experi- XXXXXXXX XX the time XXXXXXXX before their graduation XXXXX [43,XX] XX well as XXXXXXX to combine XXXXXX XXX pro- from medical school [21]. Schaarschmidt XXX Fischer [25] XXXXXXXXX life [XX,46]. It XX XXXXXXXX XXXX women scored XXXXXXXX a correlation XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX X and XXXXXXXX lower than men XXXXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXXXX of resistance to XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX (XXX [34], XXX [XX]). XXXXX stress that XXXXXX the dimensions XXXXXXXXXXX tendencies, researchers XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXX XX assess burnout XXXXXXXXX coping XXXX problems XX XXXX as XXXXXXX and in relation to XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX mental XXXXXXXXX. XXXX is XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX researchers XXXXXXX load (SCL90R). XXXX pattern B XXXXXX the high- who report higher scores XX XXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX XXXXXX est XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXX symptoms (in particular XXXXXX- XXXX-being in XXXXX than in XXX in XXXXXXX student or XXXX) in XXX SCL90R [36]. XX seems therefore XXXXXXXXXXX physician XXXXXXX [XX,48]. Because XXX majority XX medi- XX compare XXX scores for XXXXXXXX XXXX pattern B of the XXX XXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX female, this XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX surveyed in our XXXXX XXXX burnout rates needs XX XX addressed XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX that support effec- XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. XXX XXXXXXXXXX of risk pattern B XXXX coping. among XXXXXXXXXX in our study XX quite XXXXXXX XX esti- mates XX XXXXXXX in XXXXXXX in general [2]. Lower XXXXXX Page 7 of 9 (page number not XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX) XXX Medical Education XXXX, X:XX http://www.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX-XXXX/8/46 XXXXXXXX to XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX Authors' XXXXXXXXXXXXX lower XXXXXX in the dimension XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXX sup- XXXX. XXXXXXXXXX from XXXXXX relationships in XXXXXXXX XX EV: XXXX, XXXXXX, organisation of studies, XXXXXXXXXXX, anal- XXXXXXXXXXX or XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in XXXXXXX students and ysis and XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX data, XXXXXXX XXX paper. XX: XXXXXXXXXX XXX been reported XX others [XX-XX]. XX analysis XXX interpretation of data, critical XXXXXXXX of the XXXXXXXX no XXXXXXXXXXX gender-related XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXX- article for XXXXXXXXX intellectual contents, approval XX the XXXX students relating to social support but among XXXXX- final XXXXXXX. DS: Acquisition XX XXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX to year students XXX physicians, females XXXXXX significantly conception and XXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXX XXX higher XXXX XXXXX male counterparts. Since XXXXXX XXXXXXX important XXXXXXXXXXXX contents and XXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX has been shown XX be XXX of the XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX- XXXXXXX. XX: substantial contributions to XXXXXXXXXX and XXX factors XXX dealing with XXXXXX and impairment in XXX- XXXXXX, XXXXXXXX revision of the XXXXXXX XXX important intel- XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX [52,XX] XXX XX even more lectual XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX version. CS: important to women [54], this XXXXX XXXXXX be XXXXXXXXX idea, design, organisation XX XXXXXXX, data acquisition, crit- in medical education XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. ical XXXXXXXX XX XXX article for important XXXXXXXXXXXX con- XXXXX and approval XX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX. This XXXXX has also a number of limitations: XXXXXXX, XX XXX- XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX veyed three distinct XXXXXXXXXXX at different stages in their XXXXXX, and thus the data XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX. While XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX 1 is XX indication XXX this, XXXXXXXXXXX in patterns XXX XX explained XX XXX differences between populations XXXXXX XXXXXXXX than an outcome of XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX, the Click here XXX XXXX XXXXXXXX rate XXXXX physicians XX comparable to XXX one [XXXX://XXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXXXXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXX/1472- XXXXXXXX in other studies, XXX remains XXX. XX therefore 6920-X-46-XX.XXX] cannot XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX our results XXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXX. XXXXXXX, as XXXXX XXXX no differences in XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXX distribution XXX only small XXXXXXXXXXX in age between responding and XXXXXXXXX physicians, this XXXX – We XXX grateful for XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX our XXXXX by the XXXXXXXXXXXX XX any – XXXXXX XX XXXXX. of Lübeck (XXXX. Westermann) XXX XXXXXX/Herdecke (XXXX. XXXXXXX) and the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX and Southern Baden. XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXX referees XXX XXXXXXXXXXX. In summary, our data show a consistently lower preva- lence XX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX G in fifth-XXXX students and References physicians compared XX first-XXXX students, and a XXXXXX prevalence XX the resigned XXXX pattern X. XXXXXXXXXXX X. Schumacher X: Working XX create a healthy XXXXXXX in medi- XXXXXXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXX were XXXXXXXX in XXX cine. XX XXXXXXXX a XXXXXXX XXXXXXX in medicine XXXXXX by: XXXXXXXXX X. XXXXXXX of professional ambition XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX. Ottawa XX: XXXXXXXX Medical XXXXXXXXXXX; XXXX:X. XXXXX show less XXXXXXXXXX scores in XXX dimensions of professional XXXXXXXX and resistance XX stress, but XXXXX 2. Bergner T: Lebensaufgabe XXXXX Lebens-Aufgabe. XXXXXXXXX Ärz- XXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXX. XXXXXXX 2004, XXX(XX):C1797-C1799. X XXXXX XXXXXX XX studies, including XXX one XXXXXXXXX 3. XXXXXXXXX XX, Bradley KA, XXXX JE, Back AL: Burnout XXX XXXX- here, XXXXXXXXXXX the potential health XXXXX XXXXXXXXX reported XXXXXXX XXXX in an internal XXXXXXXX residency pro- XXXX the XXXXXXX XXX burden associated with XXX XXXXXXX gram. Annals XX XXXXXXXX medicine XXXX, 136(5):XXX-XXX. education XXX XXXXXXXXXX. It seems paradoxical, that XXX XXXXXXXX XXX professional XXXXXXXX XXXXX at XXXXXXX and X. Miller XX, McGowen RK: The XXXXXXX truth: XXXXXXXXXX are not XXXXXXX others show XXXXXX awareness towards XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. Southern Medical Journal 2000, XX(10):966-XXX. XXXXXXX XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXX willingness XX engage in the XXX- vention of a declining health in XXXXXXXXXX of XXX medical 5. Hem X, XXXXXXXXX T, XXXXXXX OG, Tyssen X, Vaglum P, XXXXXXX O: profession themselves. XXXX is XXXXXXXXX not only XXX the XXXXXXX XXXXX according XX education with a XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XX medical XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX, but XXXX XXX on XXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX 1960–XXXX. Psychol Med XXXX, XXX provision of XXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XX patients. 35(6):XXX-880. Competing interests X. Sebo X, Bouvier Gallacchi X, XXXXXXXX X, Kunzi B, XXXXXX PA: XXX of tobacco XXX XXXXXXX XX Swiss primary XXXX physicians: a XXX authors declare that XXXX have no XXXXXXXXX interests. cross-sectional survey. BMC XXXXXX Health 2007, X:5. 7. McCranie EW, Brandsma JM: Personality XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX- out XXXXX middle-aged physicians. XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX, 14(1):XX-XX. 8. Vaillant XX, Sobowale XX, McArthur X: XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX- nerabilities XX XXXXXXXXXX. N Engl X Med 1972, XXX(X):XXX-XXX. 9. XXXXXX XX, XXXXXXX B: Burnout XXX XXXXXXXXXXX morbidity among medical students XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX: a three XXXX prospective questionnaire XXX XXXXXXXXX-XXXXX XXXXX. BMC Medical Education XXXX, X:X. XX. Wolf XX: XXXXXX, XXXXXX XXX health: enhancing well-XXXXX dur- ing XXXXXXX school. Med Educ 1994, XX(X):X-17. discussion 55-17 11. XXXXX-XXXXXX J: XXXXXXX student XXXXXX. XXX Educ 2001, 35(X):6-7. 12. Buddeberg-XXXXXXX B, Klaghofer R, Stamm X, XXXXXXXX J, XXXXXXXXX C: Work stress XXX reduced XXXXXX in XXXXX physicians: XXX- XXXX 8 XX X (page number not for XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX) BMC XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX 2008, X:46 http://XXX.XXXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XXXX-XXXX/X/46 spective evidence from Swiss XXXXXXXXX. 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