1. What is an ecosystem?

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and with their non-living environment (air, water, soil, sunlight, etc.) in a particular area.

2. Explain the two components of an ecosystem

An ecosystem has two main components:

A. Biotic Components (Living Components)

These are all the living organisms in an ecosystem.

They include:

• Producers (Autotrophs): Green plants and algae that prepare food through photosynthesis.
• Consumers (Heterotrophs): Animals that depend on plants or other animals for food.
  • Herbivores (e.g., deer, rabbit)
  • Carnivores (e.g., lion, tiger)
  • Omnivores (e.g., humans, bears)
• Decomposers: Bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the environment.

B. Abiotic Components (Non-living Components)

These are the physical and chemical factors of the environment.

Examples include:

• Sunlight
• Air
• Water
• Soil
• Temperature
• Minerals
• Humidity

These factors support life and influence the growth and survival of organisms. 

3. State two types of ecosystem with three examples each

A. Natural Ecosystem

A natural ecosystem develops naturally without human interference.

Examples:

1. Forest ecosystem
2. Pond ecosystem
3. Desert ecosystem

B. Artificial Ecosystem

An artificial ecosystem is created and maintained by humans.

Examples:

1. Aquarium
2. Agricultural field (crop field)
3. Garden