Kayla Lloyd
LING 4020
Dr. Honea
October 30, 2017
Michigan: Yooper or Trolls
The state of Michigan has been known for many things, football, fudge, and now its own dialect? Believe it or not, English is spoken in the state of Michigan as the main language, but the dialect will make one think twice.
Dating back to the 1600s, Michigan was first discovered by French explorers from Canada. After many settlements and the Seven Years’ War, Michigan then fell under British control. While Native Americans were still living in this area, they were not pleased by the British and being under their control. In 1763, the Native Americans attacked Fort Detroit, winning control over the British and forced them to return to Canada.
By XXX XXXX XXXXX, XXXXXXXX became part XX the Midwestern XXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX in 1837, XX XXXXXX Jackson. XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX’s history are XXX creation of the Erie XXXXX XXX XXX Automobile industry. XX XXXX, the XXXX canal XXX created. This canal XXXXXXX the XXXX of XXXXX prompted migration and XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of farms XXXXXXXXXX the Great Lakes and XXXXX XXXXXXX. In the XXXXX, the Ford XXXXX Company was founded, and XXXXXXX many XXXXXX to XXXX a XXX.
The XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX immigrants who XXXX XXX XXXXXXX. XXXX was due XX XXX XXXXXX mines that XXXX available. The communities that settled in XXX XXXXXXXX were XXXX XXXXXXX, Germany, Sweden in the Upper XXXXXXXXX. XXXXX communities XXXXXXX influenced the XXXXXXX, social and the XXXXXXXXX of the XXXXX Peninsula. XXX XX their different geographical settlement, Michigan City XXXXX XX with different XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX brought XXXXX a dialect called Yooper.
The XXXXXXXXXXXX make up XX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX define the XXXXXXXX XX the state. XXX Michigan state XX divided XXXX XXX regions, the Upper Peninsula XXX the Lower Peninsula. XXX XXXXX Peninsula XXX dominantly XXXXXXX, they speak Yooper XXXXXXX XXXXX XXX Lower Peninsula XX XXXX XX XXXXXX and XXXX XXXXX Troll XXXXXXX. Alongside the XXXXXXX, Yoopers and Trolls XXX XXXX distinct in XXXXXX XX things in terms XX XXXXXXXX and identities. These differences have greatly caused the difference in their dialects XXXXXX XXX troll XXX the XXXXXX.
XXX XXXXXX dialect XXX its XXXXXX XXXX Finnish language. XXXXXXXXX to XXXXX (2006: XXX), the Finnish communities who came to settle in XXX western XXXX XX Upper Peninsula in mid-19th Century XXX challenges in XXXXXXXX XXXX the XXX language. XXX Finnish immigrants XXXXX up having an influence XX the English language that was XXXXX spoken in the XXXX. XXX effects of the XXXXXXXXXX in XXX region had XXXXXX on XXX Yooper dialect especially XXX XXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX XX XXX differences in XXXXXXX, XX XXXXX with, XXXXXX XXXXXXX has a XXXXXX stress ( XXXXXXXXX 2007: X). For instance, a word like XXXXX. XXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX English, we XXXXX the XXXXXX XX the XXXXXX word with XXXXXXXX on XXX syllable XX,XXXXX. XX contrary in Yooper XXXXXXX, the stress lies in the first XXXXXXXX XX XXX word only,mo-vie. XXX difference in stress XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXX a XXXXXXXXX pronunciation XXXX said in Yooper.
Secondly, the retroflex XXXXXXXXX sounds are differ. The XXXXXX r sound XX XXXXXXXXXX more XXXXXXXXXXX than XXX XXXXXXX American English. The r XXXXX in XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX by placing XXX tongue far XXXX in the mouth XXXXX in XXXXXXXX English, XXX r sound XX pronounced by the tongue in XXX XXXXXX of the XXXXX. XXXX difference in pronunciation XX letter r is XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX language, it XX XXXXXXXX have been XXXXXXXXXX XX the Irish immigrants.
XXXXXXX XXXXXX contrast between XXX XXXXXX and XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX is the XXXXX XX XXX wordya.or (XXX). XXXX XXXX XX XXXX common in XXX Yooper XXXXXXX (Simon XX).XX in the XXXXXX XXXXX XXX or XXXX. In the Troll, or XXXXXX normal English, XXX original XXXX is yes. According to XXXXXXXXX, XXX word is very similar to XXX XXXXXXX XXX German. This too XXX be due to the XXXXXXXXX XXXX the two XXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX that brings a distinct is the XXXXX of the definite XXX indefinite articles. The Yooper XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX omits the usage XX these articles in XXXXX XXXXXX. The XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX (XXX) and the XXXXXXXXXX article (a/an) XXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXX the XXXXX in the general XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. In XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXX or rather do not even XXXXX.
Furthermore, another XXXXX XXXXXXXX feature of XXX Yooper XXXXXXX is the XXXXX XXXXXX. XXX phonetically XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX largely. XXX first vowel XXXXX XX [o] as used in XXX XXXX [XXXXX]. XXX Yooper dialect pronounces the XXXXX XXXX lips tightly round (Simon 132). This vowel XX clearly distinct in the XXXXXXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXX such as XXXX [bo:t]. The XXXXXX XXXXX on XXX XXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXX dialects.
XXXXXXX vowel XXXXX XX [a]. In XXXXXX dialect, the sound XX [ầ]. XXXX XXX difference XXXXX XXXXXXX in the XXXXXXXXXXXXX where in normal English, it XX done XXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX in Yooper dialect the XXXXX is XXXX open and less XXXXXXX. (Richard 56).Examples XX word where XXX vowel sound [a] is pronounced XX XXXXX, XXXXXX and pasties. XXX XXXXXXXXXX in the vowel XXXXXX in XXX XXXXX XXXX out clearly when one XXXXXXXXXX XXXX in a XXXX manner.
A third XXXXX XXXXX is [i], XX XXXX in the XXXXX such as XXXX XXX XXXXXX. XXX XXXXXX dialect sound XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX which is inverted. When pronouncing XXX XXXXX the tongue XX at the XXX central of XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XX XXX front as in the XXXXXXX American English.
Lastly XX the pronunciation of XXXXXXXXXX. Though the consonants XX XXX have a direct XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX as the vowels, with XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX there XX a XXXXXXXXXX. First, is XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX sound in the general American English XX replaced XXXX XXX alveolar sound in Yooper dialect. XXX XXXXXXXXXX [d] XXX [t] are interchangeably used in some Yooper speech (XXXXXXX XX).
XXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXX XX these two XXXXXXXX, the XXXXXX and XXX Yoopers XXX XXXX distinct. These XXXXX XXXX been caused by XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and environment that were brought XX the XXXXXXXXXX in the region. Trolls XXX XXXXX in the XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX referred XX XXXXX who live XXXXX XXX XXXXXX. On XXX other hand, Yoopers, XXXX and raised XXXXXXX in XXXXX XXXXXXXXX. Secondly XX XXX notable XXXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXXXXX.
XX XXXXXXXXXX, studying the XXXXXXXX of XXX XXX English groups and their origin XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX dialect XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX people from XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX. XXX Trolls XXX the Yoopers XXXXXX in XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX distinctive XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX from XXX pronunciation of XXXXXX, consonants, grammatical construction of XXXXX and the stresses on XXX XXXXX. These XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX been XXXXXXX to XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX early immigrants XXX XXXXXXX in the Upper Peninsula XXXX XXXXXXX XXX language of XXX Upper Peninsula XXXXXX.
XXXX cited
XXXXXXXXX, Kathryn A. "The Intertwined Histories XX XXXXXXXX XXX Dialect in XXXXXXXX’s Copper XXXXXXX." XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX on Michigan’s XXXXXX Country. XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX(XXXX).
XXXXXXXX, XXXX Croft. XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX speaking. Cambridge: XXXXXXXXX University XXXXX, 2008.
XXXXX, XXXX. "XXXXXX Ya to XXX XXXXXXX (Michigan’s XXXXX XXXXXXXXX)." XXXXXXXX Voices: XXX Dialects XXXXXX from XXXXX XX XXXXX (2006): XXX-35.