PSYCH 1100 SP2017 Unit 3 Exam (Score 100%)
Question 1 1 out of 1 points
In response to a cold temperature, your body will shiver reflexively. Using Pavlov’s terminology, the cold temperature would be termed a(n):
unconditioned stimulus (UCS). unconditioned response (UCR). conditioned stimulus (CS). conditioned response (CR).
Question 2 0 out of 1 points
The decay theory of forgetting:
has more research supporting it than the other theories of forgetting.
is contradicted by the fact that the right retrieval cue can sometimes trigger the recall of information or events experienced long ago.(True Answer )
has proven useful in explaining how anterograde amnesia occurs
has proven useful in understanding why long-termpotentiation occurs.
• Question 3 1 out of 1 points
“I’ll make you a deal,” Cody’s mother says. “If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut.” Using operant conditioning terms, Cody’s mother is using _____ to reward desired behavior.
punishment by avoidance a conditioned reinforcer a primary reinforcer negative reinforcement
Question 4 1 out of 1 points
When 7-year-old Philip was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud’s terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Philip felt was a product of his:
id.
ego.
superego
libido
Question 5 1 out of 1 points
Kyle is studying how language abilities change throughout childhood, and Kelly is studying cognitive changes in late adulthood. Both Kyle and Kelly are conducting studies in which area of psychology?
clinical psychology humanistic psychology comparative psychology developmental psychology
Question 6 1 out of 1 points
What happened after “Little Albert” was classically conditioned to fear a tame white rat?
Stimulus generalization occurred; Albert responded with fear to other furry animals and fuzzy objects.
The sight of the hammer produced spontaneous recovery of the unconditioned response.
Stimulus discrimination occurred; Albert responded with fear to white rats but not to other furry animals or to fuzzy objects.
The conditioned fear response was quickly and easily extinguished.
Question 7 1 out of 1 points
After a dog had been conditioned to salivate at the sight of meat powder, the meat powder was presented to the dog every three minutes and held just out of the dog’s reach. Over the course of several trials, the amount of saliva secreted by the dog decreased to zero, indicating that _____ had occurred.
negative reinforcement biological preparedness extinction spontaneous recovery
Question 8 1 out of 1 points
Negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, and punishment _____ the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
increases; increases increases; decreases decreases; increases decreases; decreases
Question 9 1 out of 1 points
The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery provides support for the idea that:
a conditioned response that is extinguished is not unlearnedor completely eliminated.
a conditioned stimulus can return to being a neutralstimulus after extinction.
stimulus generalization is a stronger, more easily producedresponse than stimulus discrimination.
it is easier to produce learned associations between naturalstimuli than artificial stimuli.
Question 10 1 out of 1 points
Information is stored in short-term memory for about:
two or three seconds.
thirty minutes.
thirty seconds.
a day
Question 11 1 out of 1 points
Your textbook describes the classic conservation task in which a 5-year-old child observes equal amounts of liquid in two identical short, wide containers. The child watches as liquid is poured from one short, wide container into a tall, thin container, and is then asked which container holds more water. How does a typical 5-year-old respond?
“The tall, thin container has more water.”
“The short, wide container has more water.”
“Both containers have the same amount of water.”
“I have to go to the bathroom.”
Question 12 1 out of 1 points
You can keep information in short-term memory by engaging in:
engaging in maintenance rehearsal.
using clustering.
engaging in chunking.
using imagination inflation
Question 13 1 out of 1 points
The basic premise of repressed memory therapy is that:
adult psychological problems are often due to sexual abuse in childhood, and memories of the childhood abuse have been repressed.
memories can be changed through hypnosis and suggestion.
people can be trained or taught to actively suppress traumatic memories, which will result in improved psychological functioning.
adult psychological problems are usually due to clear and vivid memories of childhood sexual abuse that are difficult to actively suppress.
Question 14 0 out of 1 points
Six-year-old Blair liked the first grade right up until her teacher, Ms. Havemayer, took maternity leave. The substitute teacher, old Mrs. Snarly, was strict and scolded Blair on several occasions, making her cry. On one Saturday morning as Blair was helping her father with grocery shopping, she rounded the corner and came face to face with old Mrs. Snarly. Blair instantly burst into tears. For Blair, Mrs. Snarly in the grocery store is an example of a(n):
conditioned stimulus.
unconditioned response.
unconditioned stimulus.
conditioned response
Question 15 1 out of 1 points
As a general rule, the greatest vulnerability to _____ occurs during the _____ period of prenatal development.
teratogens; embryonic
epigenesis; embryonic
epigenesis; germinal
teratogens; germinal
Question 16 1 out of 1 points
Dr. Livingston maintains that unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences are critical in the formation of personality. Dr. Livingston’s beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.
Trait
social cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
Question 17 1 out of 1 points
Marie enters the playroom of the psychology lab with her 1-year-old son Aaron. Aaron ignores the many attractive toys in the room and clings to his mother. When Marie leaves the room, Aaronbegins to cry hysterically. When his mother returns and tries to comfort him, Aaron cries harder, kicks, and resists her efforts to hold him. Aaron would most likely be classified as:
securely attached.
difficult and slow-to-warm-up.
insecurely attached.
glow-reactive.
Question 18 1 out of 1 points
To produce a learned response in classical conditioning, what two elements are repeatedly paired?
a neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally elicits a response
a stimulus and a response
a behavioral response and a natural environmental consequence
unconditioned stimulus and a voluntarily emitted behavioral response
Question 19 1 out of 1 points
According to Erikson, during the “moratorium” period of adolescent identity achievement, the adolescent:
experiments with different roles, values, and beliefs.
makes commitments to particular values, beliefs, and a particular vocation.
has no commitment to any particular vocational choice or social role.
has a very concrete self-identity that reflects immediate concerns and activities
Question 20 1 out of 1 points
Psychologists formally define learning as:
a process that produces a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience.
a process that produces a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to natural or instinctive processes.
a relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of developmental factors or maturation.
replacing old habits with new habits
Question 21 1 out of 1 points
Christina is making some extra money as a phone solicitor for her university’s fund-raising drive. She is paid $5 for every twenty calls she makes, regardless of whether the person donates. Christina is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-interval
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
variable-interval
Question 22 1 out of 1 points
We transform information into a form that can be entered and retained by the memory system. This process is known as:
Encoding
retrieval.
storage.
prospective
Question 23 1 out of 1 points
Jamie found the ISBN number of the book she wanted to order in the Books in Print Catalog. To remember the eleven-digit number, 19772552901, she thought of the number as the year her best friend was born (1977) and her aunt’s phone number (255-2901). Jamie was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the ISBN number.
source monitoring
distributed practice
clustering
chunking
Question 24 1 out of 1 points
Humanistic psychology is a view of personality that emphasizes:
reciprocal determinism
the study of psychologically healthy people.
the importance of genetic factors in personality.
unconscious determinants of personality and behavior
Question 25 1 out of 1 points
Of the different types of memory, _____ memory has the shortest duration.
working sensory short-term long-term
Question 26 1 out of 1 points
Mike began studying for his exam the night before the test, reading his textbook chapter for the first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that:
Mike would rapidly forget most of the material that he read.
Mike would remember most of the new material for several months, then rapidly forget most of it.
Mike would gradually forget the new material over a period of several months.
Mike's memory of the new material would remain remarkably stable for a lengthy period of time.
Question 27 1 out of 1 points
“Okay, that was good! Now this time, don’t close your eyes. Keep your eye on the ball, so you know when to close your hands,” Mark said in the process of teaching his 5-year-old to play catch. In operant conditioning terms, Mark is using _____ to teach his daughter how to catch a ball.
the partial reinforcement effect shaping generalization training negative reinforcement
Question 28 1 out of 1 points
Although she had not made one in years, Evelyn carefully folded the paper to make a paper airplane for her grandson. Evelyn’s ability to perform this task is an example of which type of long-term memory?
semantic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
prospective memory
Question 29 1 out of 1 points
Although he is more than a year old, Jason wakes up frequently during the night and is hard to soothe back to sleep. In general, he cries easily, is a fussy eater, and rarely naps at the same time every day. Jason would most likely be categorized as:
slow-to-warm-up
difficult
easy
securely attached
Question 30 1 out of 1 points
At day care, 3-year-old Sara has learned that she has to wait her turn to ride on the tricycle rather than push another child off the tricycle. Using Freud’s terminology, Sara’s ability to postpone gratification in a socially acceptable way is a reflection of her:
Id
Ego
Superego
Thanatos instinct
Question 31 1 out of 1 points
Although he stayed calm during the conversation, Mark was angry as he left Professor McArthur’s office because he felt he had been treated unfairly. A short while later, Mark snapped at a fellow student who asked if she could borrow his notes. Which ego defense mechanism best accounts for Mark’s behavior toward the other student?
Displacement
Sublimation
denial
rationalization
Question 32 1 out of 1 points
What type of personality test involves the interpreting of an ambiguous image and is used to assess unconscious motives and conflicts?
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a personality type inventory
a graphology test
Question 33 1 out of 1 points
Which of the following would be considered a conditioned reinforcer?
Money
Whistle
Both whistle and money
Question 34 1 out of 1 points
As you are taking this exam, you are actively retrieving information that you have learned and stored in your long-term memory. The information that you are able to consciously recall is an example of which subsystem of long-term memory?
explicit memory
implicit memory
procedural memory
nondeclarative memory
Question 35 1 out of 1 points
Caleb had a wonderful time on his first date with Shauna. Because of this, he asked Shauna to go out on a second date. What best explains Caleb’s behavior of asking Shauna for another date?
latent learning
response generalization
spontaneous recovery
the law of effect
Question 36 1 out of 1 points
Psychologist Renée Baillargeon found that three-and-a-half-month-old infants appeared surprised when they watched a carrot pass behind a screen but fail to appear in a window in the screen. According to Baillargeon, this suggests that infants understand _____ at a much earlier age than Piaget suggested.
Conservation
object permanence
centration
symbolic thought
Question 37 1 out of 1 points
As Tim was swinging his toy hammer, the hammer flew out of his hand and landed behind the couch and out of view. Rather than look for it, Tim acted as though the hammer no longer existed. Tim’s behavior suggests that he is in the _____ of cognitive development.
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage
Question 38 1 out of 1 points
Andrew works for NASA and gets paid once a month, whereas his friend George works at a fast-food restaurant and gets paid once a week. Despite the difference in when they are paid, both are paid on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval
Question 39 1 out of 1 points
A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic, ruthless, and suspicious, while Melissa is acquiescent, soft-hearted, and trusting. It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the _____ dimension of the five-factor model.
Conscientiousness
openness to experience
extraversion
agreeableness