Question 1

The ________ hypothesis regarding crime argues that as a country undergoes economic development, its crime rate increases

slippery slope

globalization

modernization

transnational crime

2 points

Question 2

Generally, the police forces of any given country are much more likely to be dealing with ___________ crime and much less likely, if ever, to be dealing with _________ crime.

transnational, international

international, transnational

national, global

organized, international

2 points

Question 3

Offenses, whose inception, prevention, and/or direct or indirect effects involved more than one country is an example of:

international

transnational

global

world

2 points

Question 4

The process used by criminals to convert funds acquired illegally into what appears to be legitimate income that can the used for legal purposes such as investment and purchase, is an example of:

bank fraud

drug trafficking

money laundering

2 points

Question 5

The movement of mood altering substances from their points of origin to their points of consumption is an example of:

drug trafficking

drug laundering

drug distribution

corruption

2 points

Question 6

Although not in itself a crime, buying a legal business may be deemed ________, if it is used a means for laundering money that may have been acquired illegally.

criminal

illegal

unethical

morally wrong

2 points

Question 7

_______ crimes call for a great deal of ingenuity and versatility on the part of law enforcement in terms of learning, investigation, and prevention.

sex

cyber

drug

victimless

2 points

Question 8

Most victims of __________ theft are likely to be looking for recompense, and not criminal punishment, and therefore, not generally likely to involve police agencies.

identity

intellectual property

property

vehicle

2 points

Question 9

____________ may be localized or may operate transnationally.

drug trafficking

illegal arms sales

terrorism

identity theft

2 points

Question 10

The illegal commandeering of ________ for the purpose of either demanding ransom payments or for making a political statement has been a feature of much of the late twentieth century.

watercraft

trains

subway cars

airplanes

2 points

Question 11

__________ is an age-old offense, which is considered the first to result in multinational cooperative law enforcement efforts continues to exist in certain parts of the world, particularly in and around Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.

aircraft hijacking

sea piracy

terrorism

treason

2 points

Question 12

___________ is defined as the procurement of illegal entry of a person into a state of which the latter person is not a national with the objective of making a profit.

illegal immigration

prostitution

human smuggling

spying

2 points

Question 13

Transnational ____________ crime is a fact of contemporary life.

drug

environmental

illegal arms

terrorism

2 points

Question 14

Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing preoccupation with ____________ crime.

transnational

drug

gang

organized

2 points

Question 15

The most discussed and least understood international police organization in the world is:

EUROPOL

CIA

INTERPOL

BATFE

2 points

Question 16

The _________ by the police can be defined as occurring “any time the police attempt to have citizens act in a certain way.”

brutality

use of force

authority

corruption

2 points

Question 17

Incidents of police use of excessive force have included all except:

deliberate choking

beating civil rights protesters

handcuffing

deliberate kicking

2 points

Question 18

The philosophy of __________ police officers in which the police subculture becomes a way of life can thus lead to police misconduct.

brother and sister

us vs. them

we have the power

I am the law

2 points

Question 19

In the twentieth century, the United States Supreme Court, to protect citizens from governmental abuses from the states and their agents, extended the Bill of Rights to be applicable to the _____.

police

local governments

states

people

2 points

Question 20

The police __________ is an extreme version of a phenomenon that exists in many human groups.

subculture

thin blue line

corruption

code of silence

2 points

Question 21

Many people, specifically _________, believe that the police are often engaged in excessive and unnecessary physical force.

government officials

minority groups

older citizens

youth

2 points

Question 22

Some forms of police brutality have also been referred to as _________.

the third degree

throwing the book at them

hazing

us vs. them

2 points

Question 23

What made the King-beating incident significantly different from earlier alleged incidents of police brutality was that a private citizen __________ this incident.

videotaped

reported

helped officers in

helped King in

2 points

Question 24

The police can trace their authority to use _______ back to the Common Law of England, which was developed during the Middle Ages.

less than lethal

force

deadly force

weapons

2 points

Question 25

In 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the fleeing felon rule, which allowed police officers to use deadly force, i.e., to shoot to kill a suspect escaping from the scene of a crime. This historical case is:

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Tennessee v. Gardner

Miranda v. Arizona

Mapp v. Ohio

2 points

Question 26

Dysfunctional behavior such as police violence comes about when looking at police brutality from a ___________ perspective.

conflict theorist

functionalist

interactionist

emergent theorist

2 points

Question 27

The __________ perspective takes a critical stance and believes that the police represent the group that has power, prestige, and wealth in a given society.

interactionist

fundamentalist

conflict

democratic

2 points

Question 28

From a ____________ perspective, a lot of attention would be devoted to considering the nature and meanings of acts that are defined as police brutality or excessive use of force.

conflict

interactionist

functionalist

classical

2 points

Question 29

Based on a perceived increase in police violence, a ___________________ was established by the Israeli police in 1992.

civilian complaint board

commission of law enforcement abuse

zero tolerance policy

law prohibiting excessive force

2 points

Question 30

One whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination is the definition of a:

subordinate group

subculture

parent group

dominant group

2 points

Question 31

A __________ group is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.

suburbanite

sub

dominate

focus

2 points

Question 32

__________ refers to an attitude that evaluates an individual member of a subordinate group negatively on the basis of certain negative characteristics that are associated with that group even if the individual does not conform to those expected characteristics.

racism

prejudice

racial profiling

ethnic bias

2 points

Question 33

One who harbors negative attitudes toward any particular subordinate group and will act negatively toward them can be referred to as a:

unprejudiced nondiscriminator

apartheid

prejudiced discriminator

subordinate group

2 points

Question 34

The most common pattern, based on perceived biological differences such as skin color, complexion, hair color, and or eye color is referred to as _________.

racism

prejudiced discriminator

ethnic bias

sexism

2 points

Question 35

Prejudice and discrimination that is based on cultural differences among groups, sometimes even if they are of the same race is the definition of:

racial profiling

ethnic bias

prejudice

discrimination

2 points

Question 36

The pattern of prejudice and discrimination that negatively targets either the young or the elderly is known as:

discrimination

ethnic bias

apartheid

ageism

2 points

Question 37

__________ is defined as a fairly rigid, oversimplified view or image of a particular social group that is then applied to individuals who belong to that group.

ageism

stereotyping

heterosexism

ethnic bias

2 points

Question 38

A process by which members of subordinate groups are blamed for the problems and frustrations experienced by members of the dominant group is an example of:

scapegoating

stereotyping

ethnic bias

cultural diversity

2 points

Question 39

Societies that are made up of more than one ethnic group are referred to as:

dominate societies

diverse societies

plural societies

multicultural societies

2 points

Question 40

When women are treated less harshly than male suspects by the police and the criminal justice system given traditional gender expectations and notions of them being the “weaker sex”, we are defining:

sexism

chivalry hypothesis

stereotyping

sexual bias

2 points

Question 41

Conduct which the people of a group are considered so dangerous or embarrassing or irritating that they bring special sanctions to bear against the persons who exhibit it is an example of:

deviance

police misconduct

use of force

corruption

2 points

Question 42

_____________ is when individuals who happen to be in the police force engage in activities that violate departmental policies, laws, and social norms and misuse the powers of their office.

corruption

occupational deviance

deviance

organizational deviance

2 points

Question 43

_____________ has been coined by sociologists to encompass serious situations occurring within entire organization. This behavior includes police brutality and corruption.

occupational deviance

the slippery slope

organizational deviance

deviance

2 points

Question 44

___________ was a New York City police officer in the 1970s who fought against corruption.

Donnie Brasco

Frank Serpico

Joe Pistone

O.W. Wilson

2 points

Question 45

The ________ requires that police officers look the other way when they observe their fellow officers involved in acts of deviance.

thin blue line

code of the streets

informal handbook

code of silence

2 points

Question 46

___________ can be explained as receiving money or some monetary gain for not performing a legal duty or responsibility by a police officer.

organizational deviance

corruption

occupational deviance

the slippery slope

2 points

Question 47

In the late 1990s, the ________________ experienced a corruption scandal that made national and international headlines.

New York PD

Los Angeles PD

Chicago PD

Philadelphia PD

2 points

Question 48

____________ are payments in the form of money, goods, or services that a law enforcement agent receives for directing people, that he or she comes in contact with, toward a particular service provider.

kickbacks

payoffs

bribes

internal payoffs

2 points

Question 49

In the approximately 160-year history of the NYPD a major corruption scandal seems to occur approximately every _____ years.

10

20

15

30

2 points

Question 50

A grass eater is a officer who:

does not actively seek out gratuities

seeks out gratuities

takes complaints to internal affairs

refuses to accept gratuities

2 points