Pricing and Exchange Rates
Question, 900-1100 Words
Read the article How will refugees affect European economies. Provide responses to the following:
Summarize the main points of the discussion
The article analyses economic repercussions of continuous increase in the number of refugees migrating towards European countries. Refugees can be viewed as a new labour entering in the market and hence affecting an economy’s balance of payments, employment rate, wage rate, budget, income taxes and other related variables. Following points summarize the discussion of article.
As new refugees enter in the country, they will contribute towards public finances in the form of council rates, income taxes, employment taxes and other contributions i.e., social security. On the other hand, they might also receive certXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX from XXXXXXXXXX. This will affect XXXXX’s XXXXXXXX, costs XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX parity, stimulate demand as a XXXXXXXXXXX of increased XXXXXXXX XXX XXXX improve XXXXXXX GDP.
XXXX’s (Organization for economic co-operation XXX development) report XXXXXX that XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, XX an average, X.3% XX the XXX XX XXXXXXX. XXXXXXX, XXXXX XXX contribution XX comparatively XXXX because of the XXXX XXXX labour XXXXXX is influenced XX cultural and geographical differences. XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXX earn a XXXXX wage XXXX XXX XXX XXXXX taxes XXXXX would mean less contribution XX exchequer. Govt. XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX per refugee per XXXX cost XX be XXXXXX €12,XXX and overall effect on net XXXXXXXXXXXX is +X.2% of GDP.
Increased XXXX of refugees coming in XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX are XXXXXXX XX have affected the XXXXXX XXXX system XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX in the XXXXXXX hours. XXXXXX and XXXXX’s XXXXX as mentioned in the XXXXXXX XXXX that XXXXX is little XXXXXXXX that immigration cause waiting times to increase in XXXXXXXX XXX emergency situation. XXXXXXXXXX, XXXX XX XXX migrants, XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX, XXXX jobs in health XXXX XXXXXXXX. XX a XXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX downtimes are ultimately XXXXXX by XXX addition XX more supply.
XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX countries XXXX XX Syria, XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX suggests XXXX economy XXXX in terms XX GDP as increased XXXXXX XXXXXX improved industrial output XXX XXXX XXXXXXXX demand and XXXXXX because XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXX Bank study XXXXXX XXXX refugees XXXX contributed XXXXXXXXXXXXX towards XXXXXXXXXX XXX demand XXX local goods/services and XXXXXXXXX employment rate particularly in the services sector. XXXXXXX experience with XXXXX less XXXXXXX economies as compared to XXXXXX, it XXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX European XXXXXXXXX are XXXXX able XX absorb even a XXXXXX XXXXXX of XXXXXXXX than XXXXXXXXX accepted.
XXXXXXX a position XX XXXX XXXXXXX; XXXX XX, XX you XXXXX or disagree with XXX findings of XXX authors (XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX by way XX cited XXXXXXXXXX)
Position Summary
Country’s preference with respect XX XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX of XXXXXXX, stage XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX position XX XXXXXXXX XX of strategic importance and has a potential XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX’s XXX allocation XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX creating imbalances in XXX XXXXXXXXX flows. XX XXXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX assistance XXXXX a key role in XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX (The XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX of refugee XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXX aid, XXXXXXX XXXXXX)
XXXXX increased XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX demand and help XXXXXX inflation XXX minimum XXXX XXXX limit migrants XX XXXXX in XXX market. XXXX XXXX cause XXXXXXXXXXXX rate XX increase. In XXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXX economies XXXXXXX, XXXXX is a XXXXXX evidence that refugees are overburdening XXXXXX XXXXXXX and/or XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX down. XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX to work XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXX employment. XXXX XXXX yields XXXXXXXX XXX contribution. The loss XX local XXXXXX can XX compensated XXXXXXX subsidies and XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX are less than the costs of subsidies XXX allowances XXX state pays on XXXXXXXXXXXX (XXXXXX XXX Refugees, Ingrid Boccardi)
Immigration usually XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XX demography and aging. However, the XXXXXX on wages and employment is negative XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX i.e., XXXXXXXXXX employment creates XXXXXXXXX XX scale and XXXXXX the unfavourable difference XX XX some extent. XXXXXX XXXXXXXX are XXXX XXXXXXXX affected by the geographical XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX also determines the relative access of refugees XX XXXXXXX. (XXXXXXXXX, labour XXXXXXX and integration of migrants in XXXXXXX XXXXXX, Rainer Munz)
Conclusion
The XXXXXXXX XX authors are in agreement XXXX the traditional theories of XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXX exchange XXXXX. XXXXXXX, when economy XX XXXXXXX operating at XXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX number XX XXXXXXXX XXX pose XXXXX XX growth and equilibrium. Therefore, a XXXXXXX should XX put in place so as to
XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX (Current XXXXXXX) XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXX between XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX foreign countries. As XXXXXXXX XXXXXX in Europe, balance XX payment XXXX XX XXXXXXXX as follows (a) XXXXXXX will be XXXXXXXX through i.e., income and XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX, XXXXXXXX on XXXXXX, investment and XXXXXXXXXXX etc (b) Outflows will XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX i.e., XXXXXXXXXXX and foreign exchange differences XXX. XXXX, refugee situation XXXXXXXXX affect balance XX XXXXXXXX.
XXX main XXXXXXXXXXXX XX assessing a country’s XXXXXXX of payments XXX exports and imports XX goods XXX XXXXXXXX. Analysis XXXXXXX XXXX immigration XXXX XXX lead XX an XXXXXXXX in the unemployment XXXX XXX that it XXX a relatively XXXXX impact on both prices and XXXXX. In the XXXX XXXX, refugee affect towards XXXXXXX XX payments XX net XXXXXXXX for XXXX of the advanced countries.
XX the XXXX XX European XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX is XXXXXXXX XX significantly widen the gap in balance of payments. XX a XXXXXX, it will XXX XXXXXXXXXX affect country’s XXXXXXXX rate and XXXXXXX purchasing XXXXX parity.
XXXXXXX, EU has a Balance of XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX under XXXXX it XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX power XX almost €XX billion. XX XXXX it budget in a manner XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX for each XXXXXXXX does not XXXXXX a particular XXXXX. XXXXXXXXX, balance XX payments is XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX by higher refugees (World Economic XXXXXXX &XXX;Balance XX Payments XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX monetary XXXX)
Do the findings of this article XXXXX XX the XXXXXXX situation of XXX United XXXXXX? XXX or XXX not? XXXXX, XX XXXXX in XXXXXXXXX XXXX position.
Since people are XXXXXXX XXXX comparatively XXXX develop states and XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX better XXXXXXXXXX in U.S, the country will gain XX XXXXXX XXXX XXX add XX XXX labour market. XXXXXXXXX, XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX what XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX society XX a XXXXX. Therefore, distributional XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX in XXXXXXXX to the XXXXXXXX.
XXX affects XX distribution may arise in two XXXX i.e., XXXXX, unskilled XXXXXXX XXXX more XXXXXXXXXXX. XX a XXXXXX, their wages XXX XX driven XXXX. Additionally, XXXX skilled XXXXXX XXX replace U.S XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX a XXXXX XXXX and XXXX cause the local labour wages XX XXXXXXX. On XXX other hand, XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX costs. i.e., XXX XXXX XXXXXXXX with XXX XXXXXX States (Refugees in XXXXXXX, XXXXX X. Haines)
XXXX though XXX situation XX XXXXXX States XX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX from the situation of XXX instance XXXXXX, XXX XXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX of article can XX XXXXXXX to the XXXXXXXXX of United States as noted above. The XXXXXXX situation may cause slight imbalances XXX it will also improve U.S XXXXXXXX XXXXXX and promote the XXXXXX XX United States XXXXX as well.
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