Biology and Technology in the Real World: Fracking
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Abstract
The energy sources that human beings rely on for different purposes are mostly fossil fuels like natural oil and gas. These fuels can be obtained through extractions methods known as Fracking or Hydraulic Fracturing since they are found deep within the hard earth crust. Fracking gets construed as a mining method where big companies apply water and synthetic concoctions compelled to get to characteristic stores beneath. The synthetics utilized allegedly run into the water supplies, and are delivered into the air. This conceivably hurts the environment around the territory being mined. Individuals, plants and creatures in the region are becoming ill and kicking the bucket and some think fracking is the reason. The Department of environmental protection claims it is protected, and the synthetic substances delivered during the cycle are inside satisfactory levels. "Water powered cracking, or "fracking," is a mechanical cycle XXXX XXXXXXXX liquid strain XX deliver amounts of XXX or flammable XXX from XXX beneath XXX XXXXX's surface." "XXXXXXXX includes the XXXX-XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX water and XXXX into XXXXX rock, XXXXX splits up XXX XXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX of XXX and XXX XXXX are XXX XXXXXXXXX XX ordinary XXXXXXXXXXX strategies.
Fracking and Tar Sands
XXX process XX extracting fossil XXXXX from XXX deep XXXXX XXXXXX XXX earth crust XX XXX of XXXXXXXX a borehole up to the XXXXX rock XXXXX is what XX XXXXXXXX XX as XXXXXXXX. During XXX XXXXXXX, a mixture XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX, chemicals, and XXXX XX added XX XXX well under XXXX pressure until XXXX XXXXX the XXXXX XXXX and remove gases and XXX after breaking XXXX XXX rocks into smaller pieces. XXX XXXXXXXX down XX the XXXX XXXX the XXX XXX XXX particles free XXX can therefore XX extracted. XXXXXXXX shafts are XXXX XXXX the XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX up XX the XXXXX XXXX and XXXXXXX XX about 90 XXXXXXX XX align parallel XX the XXXXX rock layer. XXX water XXXXXXXXXX in XXX XXXX XXXXXX XX removed out through pumping XXX be disposed of after XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXX the XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX drawn out.
XXXXXXXXX XXXX during fracking.
XXXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXX used in the XXXXXXXX process is not easy XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX companies apply a mixture XX XXXXXXX chemicals in the activity. XXX possibility XX the activity XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX of water XX XXX easy XX ascertain. However, some small XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX 114 and XXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXX XX XX in XXXXX obtained from XXXXXXX XXXXX. XXX research was XXXXXXXXX by a XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX engineering XXXXXXXXXX named Robert XXXXXXX. Most of XXX XXXXXXXXX used XXX water from those wells for domestic XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX drinking. XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX argue XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX safer and XXXXXX lead XX pollution of XXXXX in the XXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX that XXXX dig XX XXXXXX when compared to XXX XXXXX XXX boreholes XXX XXXXX (Measham et al., XXXX). The XXXXXX claim XX XXXX XXX walls of XXXXX holes XXX always XXXXXXXX to avert leaks XXXX XXXX. On the other XXXX, gas mining companies XXXXXXX XXXX to XXXXXXX the XXXXXXX of water XXXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXX's surface XXXX conducting XXXXXXXX activities. The fluid XXXXXXXXXX XXX the XXXXXXXXX XXXX, XXXXXX, and XXXXX of XXXXX being XXXXXXX to reach the gas as XXXXX in XXXXXX 1.
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XXXXXX SEQ Figure \* XXXXXX1: Chemicals XXXX in XXXXXXXXXX
XXX resulting water can XX XXXX in sizeable XXXXXXX injection wells believed to cause earthquakes or be XXXXXXXX through treatment for XXXXXXXX XXX. Some XXXXXXXXXXX are XXXXX XXXXX made on recycling such water and XXXXXXXXX XXXXX much XX XXX XXXXX XX be XXXXXX in XXX special wells. XXXX those XXXXX are XXXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXX XXX rupture and spill to the water XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX use. XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX and even died XXX XX XXXX XXXXX in some XXXXX. The XXXXXXXX XXXX long-XXXX research XX the impacts XX XXXXXXXX revealed that XXX process led XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX problems XXXXX it XXXXXXXXX the problems XXXXXXXXXX XXXX respiration XXX growth (Bamberger & Oswald, 2015)
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX XXXXXX several XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXX, XXXXX XXX XXXXXXX of accidental XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX wastes and XXXXXXXXXXXX into the underground XXXXXXX, thereby XXXXXXXXX the area's XXXXX sources (What XX fracking, XXXX). The holes XXX XXX XXXXXXXX cuts XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXX rocks, creating a XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX the water table, which XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX water source as shown in figure 2. XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX can even XXXXX when XXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXX water XXXXX from XXX fracking process (XXXXXX, 2017). The water that XX injected under high pressure XXXX in XXX process should be XXXXXXX to make it safe, and XXXX XXXXXX on the earth's surface, it XXXX not XXXXXXX XXX water XXXXX XXXXXX the XXXX.
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XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX \* XXXXXX2: XXXXXXXXXXXXX Impact of XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX the environment because XX XXX big machines, XXXXX, XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in the site XXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXXX out. This involves movement XX the heavy XXXXXXXX XXXX in water XXXXXXXXX, drilling, XXX the XXXXXXXX which ferry the extracts XXXXX environmental disturbances XX XXX XXXX XXXXXXX the activity (Crosby, XXXX). The XXXXXXXX cause an XXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXX XXX to XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX make XXXX XXXX XXXXXX XX XXXX. The wastes from the XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX are XXXX dumped XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX that causes its degradation.
XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXX XXXX the XXXXX magnitude earthquakes XXXXXXXXX in places where the XXXXXXXX XXX been XXXXXXXXX (XXXXXX X). XXX XXXX that XXXXXXXXXXX XXX a XXXXXXX phenomenon makes XXXXXXXX XXX XX be linked directly XX be their causes; XXXXXXX, the XXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX by XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXX machines XXX the dumping XX wastewater XXXX in XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX rock XXX the XXXXXXXXXXXX with the XXXXX in the XXXXX may contribute to a possibility of a small earthquake (Crosby, XXXX). There has always XXXX the anticipation of XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXX where fracking activities XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX, as XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX the XXXXXXXXXX from the machines XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of XXX earth's mantle layers. If XXX earthquakes XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXX areas XX fracking, then it may destroy buildings XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX like rivers, XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXX.
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Figure SEQ XXXXXX \* ARABICX: Fracking XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX, the XXXXXX in XXXXX the holes XXXX during fracking XXX drilled causes a problem to XXX environment. The holes XXX aligned in both vertical XXX XXXXXXXXXX manner. XXX vertical hole is XXXX XX reach shale rock, while the horizontal ones XXX for XXXXXXXX the fossil XXXXX in hydrocarbon XXXXX XXXX the XXXXX. XXXXX two XXXXX XXX XXX or be made over XXXXX XXXXXXXXX apart. XXX XXXXXXXXXX shaft can be used XX reach XXXXX rocks in XXXXXXXX areas like historical XXXXX and XXXXXXXX parks and XXXXXXXXX XXXX the underground XXXXXXX. The XXXX XXXXXXXX XX address the XXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX XXX conducting XX XXXXXXXX activities within XXX space of these sensitive areas. XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX way of XXXXXX a solution XX XXX XXXXXXX XX to XXXXXX distance limits XXX dong such XXXXXXXXXX from the XXXXXX and XXXXX the possible contamination and XXXXXXXXXXX XX those XXXXX (Crosby, 2017). XXXXX XXXX will XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX of destruction or interference XXXX can result from fracking. Again, the XXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX might be XXX from XXXX sites, and it is XXXX the XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX that XXX be XXXXXXX XX XXXXXX the shale XXXX. The sites, XXXXXXXXX, will XX out of XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX't XX interfered with XX fracking activities such as XXX XXXXXXXX of XXXXX machinery XXX XXXXXXXX of XXX wastewater. XXXX, the XXXX XXXX for XXXXXXXXXX required XXX the fracking XXXXXXX won’t be there XXX thus XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX in XXXXXXXXX places.
Conclusion
XX XXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX or concept is useful in XXX industry XXXXXX. By XXXXXXXXXXX, it is one XX the drilling methods in which chemicals XXX water are XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX. XX a result, a XXXXXXX XXX or XXX XX released. However, the hydraulic fracturing is also associated with XXXXXXXXXXXXX-based XXXXXXXXX. For sometimes, XXX process is blamed of potentially contaminating XXX XXXXX and causing disastrous earthquakes alongside XXXXXXXXX properties. On XXX XXXXX hand, XXX tar sand, XXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXX, is cost effective XXX difficult XX XXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXX fracking XXX XXX sands are subjecting the XXXXX into XXXXX industrial XXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX the effects XX XXX XXXXX on XXX environment has remained XXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXXX, XXX process XX extraction, upgrading, XXX processing XX XXXXXXX from XXX XXXX have affected the environment and XXXXXXXX conditions XXXXXXXXXX. Usually, people who are practicing XXXXXXXX are advised to XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXX environmental maintenance XXX conservation.
References
Bamberger, X., &XXX; Oswald, X. X. (XXXX). Long-XXXX Impacts of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Drilling Operations on Human and XXXXXX Health. Journal XX Environmental Science &XXX; Health, Part A: XXXXX/XXXXXXXXX Substances &XXX; XXXXXXXXXXXXX Engineering, XX(5), XXX-XXX. doi:XX.1080/10934529.2015.XXXXXX
XXXXXXX, X. A. (XXXX). Fossil Fuels, Alternative XXXXXX and Economic Growth. Economic XXXXXXXXX, 75, 196-XXX.
XXXXXX, X. (XXXX, November 17). XXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXX, XXXX of Fracking.SIU News.XXXXXXXXX from http://news.siu.edu/XXXX/XX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.php
XXXX, X., &XXX; XXXXXXX, D. (XXXX). XXXX environmental XXXXXXXXXX XXX shale XXX? XXXXXXXXXXXXX towards sustainable XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX in Spain. XXXXXX XXXXXXXX &XXX; XXXXXX Science, 59, XXXXXX.
Measham, T. G., Fleming, X. X., &XXX; XXXXXXX, X. (2016). A XXXXXXXXXX Model XX XXX Socioeconomic XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX Fuel XXXXXXXXXX. Global Environmental Change, XX, XXX-XXX.https://XXX.org/XX.XXXX/X.XXXXXXXXX.2015.12.XXX