PU505 - Health Behavior Theory: Unit 8 Assignment – Final Project
Student’s Name
Purdue University Global
THEORY-BASED HEALTH BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION
Introduction
The behavior selected is the use of electronic cigarettes which cause cardiovascular diseases among a large percentage of people that smoke. Cardiovascular diseases lead to deaths in the United States. Research shows that in every 4 deaths that occur, 1 of them is a result of cardiovascular diseases. Examples of cardiovascular diseases include hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, deep vein thrombosis, and abnormal heart diseases, among others (Darville & Hahn, 2019). The key risk factors for such diseases are hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking. About half of American have the mentioned risk factors. About smoking, many people in the US smoke regularly. People smoke different things. However, some smoke electronic cigarettes and do not know the effects it has on their bodies. In this paper, the focus will be on smoking of electronic cigarettes, the effects they have on bodies, and the interventions that can be made.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, are tobacco products that have been used in the US for over a decade. Electronic cigarettes are powered by a battery which makes it easy to heat the liquid into an aerosol that people can inhale or exhale at any time. The aerosol produced is usually inhaled into the lungs of human beings and exhaled afterwards. Anyone around the person exhaling can inhale the released aerosol. The bystander is usually known to have been involved in passive smoking. The e-cigarette liquid contains chemicals such as nicotine, glycerin, and propylene glycol, among others. Examples of electronic cigarettes in the market are Special K e-cigarette, The Blu Xpress Kit, Morpheus E-cigarette, and PHIX starter kit, among others. Sometimes, people who know about e-cigarette refer to smoking as ‘vaping’. It is important to note that people can sometimes use electronic cigarettes to abuse marijuana and other drugs.
E-Cigarettes as a Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factor
There has been an increase in the use of electronic cigarettes among youth and adults in the US. Most people smoke e-cigarettes for pleasure without knowing the potential health effects it could cause to their bodies. E-cigarettes contain nicotine which has effects such as addiction, a hindrance to brain development, and slow fetuses development. Apart from nicotine, e-cigarettes contain aerosols which have cancer-causing chemicals which affect the respiratory organs. Generally, using e-cigarettes has long term harmful effects to the body.
The national population-based survey in the US found out that there was an increase in the number of people who went into smoking e-cigarettes in 2013. The number of users rose to 8.5% from 3.3% in the same year (Bold & Stoney, 2017). This showed that many people had switched to using electronic cigarettes for many reasons. The survey reported that 64 % of the US population, all of whom were smokers, reported having smoked e-cigarettes. Also, research showed that e-cigarettes do not contain all the chemicals found in other cigarettes, but it contains the most harmful chemical, nicotine. Nicotine is known to the biggest cause of cardiovascular diseases. Most people who smoke in their entire life end up dying of cardiovascular diseases. An estimated 1 of 20 Americans who use an e-cigarette or other smoking alternatives is likely to suffer from coronary diseases or heart attack/failure (Napoli, 2019). E-cigarette smokers are 56% likely to suffer from heart attacks, and 30% are likely to get a stroke. Another research showed that blood clotting, and coronary artery disease is 44% and 10% higher in people using e-cigarettes. After successfully, considering factors like age, and gender, researchers showed that 34% more of the smokers are likely to suffer from a heart attack and 25% are likely to suffer from coronary artery disease (Napoli, 2019).
The Health Belief Model
The health belief model is perceived by most e-cigarettes smoking. The factors in this model include the personal risks as a result of smoking e-cigarettes, seriousness about problems that e-cigarettes cause, hindrances to quitting, the cost involved in treatment, and the strategies to make someone ready to quit the behavior (Becker, 2017). All these factors predict whether a person can change behavior or not. If a person doesn’t know the vulnerabilities of the behavior, then there is a chance of not stopping. A few people know the vulnerabilities but choose to ignore for temporary comfort. Others are not serious about the problems that e-cigarettes cause and therefore end up continuing with the behavior. Some people lack awareness about the treatments costs and requirements as a result of the diseases and hence end up continuing with the behavior. Others wish to quit the behavior but have a lot of barriers to the quitting process. All these factors affect the change in behavior of a smoker.
Social Cognitive Theory
This theory involves cognition, environment, and behavior. Cognition is the processes that happen within a person’s mind. The environment includes the external factor that affects an individual, causing them to have a particular behavior. Behavior is the way that a person reacts to social and physical inputs around them. The main physical factor that affects a person is the availability of electronic cigarettes around them. For social factors, the main one is the relationship between family and friends.
Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior
This theory is concerned with the prediction of an individual’s intention to engage in a particular behavior. For the smoking behavior, it describes the intentions XX XXXXXXX XX smoke XX a particular time and XXXXX. XXX factors XXXX affect the behavior XXXXXXX attitude towards smoking, XXX XXXXX around smoking, and XXX perceived behavioral control. XXX XXXX thing XXXXX smoking is that it can be controlled.
Diversity in smoking XXX the XXXXXXXXXXXXX that XXX XX XXXX XXXXXX XXX XX differences in race, XXXXX, language, and XXXXXXX. Multiculturalism is XXXXXXX XXXXXXX most XXXXXX XXX XXXXX e-cigarettes XXX XX XXXXXXXXX cultures. All cultures XXXX be XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX (XXXXXXXXXX XX al., XXXX). XXXX trying to XXXXXXXXXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX such XX age, gender, XXXX, culture, and XXXXXX XXXXXX were XXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XX the norms XXXXX a XXXXXXXXXX society, XXX XXX language XXXX XXXXXX use XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX developed. XXXXXXXXX, XXXX developing interventions, XXXXX XX a need XX ensure XXXX XXXXX are people who XXX understand different XXXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXXX used so that XXX goals and XXXXXXXXXX XXX XX XXXXXXXXXX.
XXXXX XXX Objectives
XXXX 1: To provide XXXXXXXXXXX on XXX XXXXX of e-cigarettes
Objective X: XX create awareness of XXX XXXXXXX.
Objective 2: To XXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXX-term XXXXXX effects XXXXX e-cigarettes cause XX their health.
The XXXX purpose XX XXX goal XX to reduce the mortality XXXX XX a result XX cardiovascular XXXXXXXX. XXX XXXXXX for choosing to XXXX XXXXX XX because XXXXX are many XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXX to cardiovascular XXXXXXXX caused XX smoking.
Goal X: XX prevent XXX XXX XX e-XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX and XXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX X: XXXXXXXXX XXXXX and XXXXXX with long term effects of XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX the number of XXXXXX XXXXXX them.
XXXXXXXXX 2: To save lives that XXXXX have XXXX XXXX XX cardiovascular diseases XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX.
XXX purpose of this XXXX is to XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX which contribute XX the XXXXXXXX XX electronic XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX, it XX important to XXXXXXX if there are XXXXXXXX that discourage smoking (XXXXXX, 2017).
Goal 3: XX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX policies XXXXXXXXX XXX use XX XXXXXXXXXX cigarettes.
Objective X: XX XXXX a meaningful outline of XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX the XXXXXXX challenge of increased e-cigarette XXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX X: To know XXX policies XXXX affect e-XXXXXXXXX smoking XXXXXXXXXX XXX how XXXXXXXXX they are in XXX XXXXX XX reduce smoking.
XXXXXX BEHAVIOR INTERVENTION
Education
The XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXX of information XXXXX electronic XXXXXXXXXX to XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXX of providing XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX are XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX through seminars, XXXXXXXXXXX, and door to XXXX services. XXX XXXXXX XXX XXXX intervention is XX XXXXXX awareness about XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX and educate XXXXXX about their long term XXXXXX XXXXXXX. XXXX people in XXX XX use electronic XXXXXXXXXX for pleasure because they do not XXXX XXX effects it XXX have on XXXXX XXXXXX (ALA, n.d.). XXXXXXXXX of such XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX help XX reduce XXX number of XXXXXX smoking and even XXXX XXXXX XXXX would have XXXX lost due XX cardiovascular XXXXXXXX caused. XXXX intervention XXXX XXXXXX affect the XXXXXX belief XXXXXX. XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, people will get to XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX electronic XXXXXXXXXX and XXXX being ignorant. Also, they XXXX learn about treatment costs and XXXXXXXXXX the risks XX XXX XXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX
Another intervention XX XXXXXXXX guidance and XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX who XXX XXXXXXX into the XXX of XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXX counseling can XXXX XXXX change XXXXX XXXXXXXX because it XXXX change their XXXXXXXX XXX even XXXX XXXX XX living a life free XX drugs. For all that XXX already XXXX, XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX hope XX XXXXXX a XXXX XXX XXXXXX life provided they stop XXX behavior, XXX guidance and XXXXXXXXXX XXXX have XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX the culture XXX XXXXXXXXX used XX XXX target group. This XXXX help XXX to XXXXX out anyone XXX XX in XXXX XX XXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXX an understanding of the XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXX will XX XXXXXX in XXX XXXXX way. XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX is related XX XXX theory XX reasoned XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX action and planned behavior XXXXXXX an XXXXXXXXXX’s XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX in a particular XXXXXXXX at a given time (Hayden, XXXX). Guidance and XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX change the XXXXXXXXXX XX engaging in e-XXXXXXXXX smoking XXXXXXX XXXX already XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXX
Having a XXXXXX on establishing cigarettes, free XXXXXXXXXX XXX reduce XXX number XX people smoking. Developing XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX be done XX reviewing the policies XXXXXX the XXXX where most people XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXX people or XXX. XXXXX XXX XX a XXXXXXXX XX XXXX eliminate or reduce the policies XXXX XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXX XX smoking behavior XXXXX youth XXX adults. All people with XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX also XX encouraged to have XXXXX business as cigarettes XXXX. This will help reduce the smoking XXXXXXXX among XXX XXXXX. Based XX the XXXXXXXX XXXXXX, having XXXX kind XX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX against policies XXXX promote smoking XXXXXXXX will XXXXXXX XXXXXX cognitive XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX environment (Saap, XXXX). Such policies XXXX help people XXXXXX XXXXXXX because they are restricted by the XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX them. XX XXXXXX actually XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX, the XXXX XX XXXXXXXXX policies XXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX will have XXXX XXXXXXXX.
CONCLUSION
The three XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX or preventing e-cigarette smoking will help XXXXXXX XXX stated XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX. The interventions include XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX, and XXXXXX. Education will XXXX in XXXXXXXXX the goal XX providing XXXXXXXXXXX about XXX use XX XXXXXXXXXX while policy will XXXX in XXXXXXXXX the goal XX XXXXXXXXX policies XXX change the necessary XXXX. XXXXXX, XXXXXXXX and counseling will XXXX XX XXXXXXX XXX XXXX on prevention XXX control of XXX XXX of cigarettes among XXX youth and adults.
References
Becker, M. H. (2017). XXX health XXXXXX model and XXXXXXXX XXXXXX behavior. , : Slack.
Bold, K. W., &XXX; Stoney, X. M. (XXXXXXXXX 19, 2017). E-XXXXXXXXX XXX as a XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX, Vol 73(X). XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX://XX.doi.org.XXXXXXX.XXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XX.XXXX/XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX, X & Hahn, E.X. (XXXXX 16, XXXX). E-cigarettes XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX: What Clinicians and Researchers Need XX Know. Springer, Vol. XX (5). Retrieved XXXXhttp://www.springer.XXX/XX/
Dreachslin, X. L., Gilbert, X. X., &XXX; XXXXXX, X. (XXXX).XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX competence in health care: A systems XXXXXXXX. , : John XXXXX & XXXX.
X-cigarettes and XXXX health | American lung association. (n.d.). XXXXXXXXX from https://www.XXXX.XXX/quit-XXXXXXX/e-XXXXXXXXXX-vaping/lung-health
Harari, P., & Legge, K. (2018). Psychology XXX XXXXXX. , : Heinemann.
Hayden, J. (XXXX). XXXXXXXXXXXX XX Health XXXXXXXX Theory (3rd ed.) XXXXXXXXX XXXX
XXXXX://lccn.loc.XXX/2017038327
XXXXXX, N (March X, 2019). X-cigarettes linked to XXXXX Attacks, XXXXXXXX Artery XXXXXXX XXX Depression. American XXXXXXX XX Cardiology, XXXXXXXXX XXXXhttps://XXX.acc.org/XXXXX-acc/XXXXX-XXXXXXXX/2019/03/XX/10/XX/ecigarettes-linked-to-heart-XXXXXXX-coronary-artery-disease-XXX-depression
XXXX, X. (2018). XXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX theories XX counseling: XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. , : Charles X Thomas XXXXXXXXX.
Appendix
PU505 - XXXXXX Behavior XXXXXX: XXXX X Assignment — Annotated XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXX R. XXXXX
Purdue XXXXXXXXXX Global
XXXXXX Behavior XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXX XXXXXXX on the XXXXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, often XXXXXXXX to XX heart XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX of conditions XXXX affect XXXX heart. It is the leading cause XX death in the United XXXXXX which causes approximately 1 in 4 XXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXX cholesterol, and XXXXXXX XXX XXXX XX XXX key risk XXXXXXX and XXXXX XXXX of XXXXXXXXX have XX least XXX XX XXXXX XXXXX risk factors. XX XXXXXX builds XX in XXX XXXXXXXX, the insides of the arteries XXXXX XX XXXXXX and causes the XXXX XX XXXXX XX XX blocked. The plaque can XXXX XXXXX open to form a blood XXXX.
XXXX, X. W., & Stoney, C. M. (XXXXXXXXX XX, XXXX). E-XXXXXXXXX use as a XXXXXXXXX cardiovascular XXXXXXX risk behavior. American XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XX(X). XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX://XX.doi.XXX.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/10.XXXX/XXXXXXXXXX
XXX purpose XX this study is XX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX e-cigarettes, how XXX XXX of it XXXXX potentially XXXXX XXXX XXXX health effects XXX XXXXXX the factors that XXXXX XXXXXXX prevention efforts. There XXX been a significant increase of the XXX XX e-cigarettes, XXXXXXXXXX in adolescent XXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX XXX using e-XXXXXXXXXX as XXXXXXXXXXXX or as a XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX that XXXXX XXXX device could XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX harmful XXXX-term XXXXX XXXXXXXX as smoking a XXXXXXX cigarette.
XXX use XX e-XXXXXXXXXX has XXXXXXXXX in XXXX adults and XXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXX XXXXXX in XXX U.S, XXX XXXXX XX those XXXXXXXXXXX XXX switched XXXX XX XXXXXXX e-XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX X.X% in XXXX to 8.X% back in XXXX. (King, XXXX) XXXXX 64% XX XXX X.S. XXXXXXXXXX that reported XXXX XXXX XXXX e-cigarettes XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX. Although e-XXXXXXXXXX don’t have all XX the chemicals that are XXXXX in XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX they contain XXXXXXXX, which XXX XXXX XXXXXX to XXXX XXXXXXX effects XX XXX cardiovascular system. (XXXXXXXXX, XXXX) n e-cigarettes are XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX cigarettes. (XXXXX., XXXX) For XXX XXXX part, this XXXXX did XXXX XXXX providing a XXXXX XXXXXXX XX XXX use of e-XXXXXXXXXX XXX how it XXX synonymous XXXX factors XX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX knowledge I XXXX in chemistry, XXXXXXX research XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XX inform XXX health XXXXXXXXXXXX XX heating the XXXXXXXX XXXXX in e-cigarettes XX a XXXX temperature.
XXXXXX, N (XXXXX X, 2019). E-XXXXXXXXXX linked XX XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXXXXX Disease and XXXXXXXXXX. American XXXXXXX of Cardiology, Retrieved XXXXhttps://www.XXX.XXX/XXXXX-acc/XXXXX-releases/2019/XX/07/10/03/XXXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXX-to-heart-attacks-coronary-XXXXXX-disease-XXX-depression
XXXX XXXXX XXXXX an overview XX e-XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX different versions of XXXX. XX XXXXXXXX of X out of 20 Americans use e-cigarettes and XXXXXXXX shows XXXX those XXX use this device, or any other XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXXXX to XXXX a heart attack or coronary artery disease. There XX XXXX little XX XX data about XXX awareness and dangers of e-XXXXXXXXXX, XXX the XXXXXXXXXXXXX high number of teens and young XXXXXX that use XXXX XXX a serious public health concern.
XXXXXXXX to XXX-smokers, e-cigarette users XXXX XXXXX XX be 56% XXXX XXXXXX to XXXXXXXXXX a XXXXX XXXXXX XXX another 30% could XXXXXX suffer a XXXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXX also noted XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX and coronary XXXXXX XXXXXXX were XX% and 10% XXXXXX in XXXXX XXX use e-XXXXXXXXXX. Being XXXX XXX factors of most cardiovascular XXXXXXXX stem XXXX age, XXX, and XXXXXXX, XXX research study XXXXXXX XX adjust XXXXX variables. XXXX adjusting, it was XXXXX that those XXX XXXX e-cigarettes were 34% more XXXXXX XX suffer a XXXXX XXXXXX XXX XX% more likely XX XXXX coronary XXXXXX disease. XXX study XXX an XXXXXXXXXXX job with providing statistical information in regard XX XXX XXXXXX, non-XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX. As XXX study stated, XXXXX XXXXX XX be a XXXXXX XXX of determining XX XXX XXXXXXXX occurred XXXXX XX XXX individuals using e-cigarettes.
XXXXXXXX, X & XXXX, X.J. (March 16, XXXX). E-XXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Disease: XXXX Clinicians XXX Researchers XXXX XX XXXX. Springer, Vol. 21 (5). Retrieved XXXXXXXX://XXX.springer.com/us/
XXX purpose XX XXXX study is to inform what XX known and XXX known about XXXX XXX XXXX XXX short-term effects of using electronic XXXXXXXXXX. XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX discuss the XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX oxidizing XXXXXX XXX on cardiovascular XXX XXXX health. The public health XXXX XX to XXXX clinical professionals educate XXXXXXXX so that those patients are XXXXX XX XXX impact XXX use of the e-XXXXXXXXXX would have XX their XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX of XXX information in this XXXXX were XXXXX on research through the National XXXXXXXXX of Sciences, XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX (NASEM). XXXX completing XXX research XXXXXXX XXXXX, XXXXXXXX was found that oxidative stress XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of endothelial cell dysfunctions when associated XXXX XXXXXXXX to e-XXXXXXXXXX. XXXX of XXX particulate concentrations in these e-cigarettes XXXXXXX XXXXX. XXXX with all XX XXX XXXXX evidence to date, XXX NASEM study reported that XXXXX is “no XXXXXXXXX evidence XXXXXXX or XXX e-XXXXXXXXX use is associated XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX.” XXXXXX this XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXX XXXX XXXXX XX the known facts XX e-XXXXXXXXX XXX and XXXX potential XXXXXXXXXXX between XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX cardiovascular disease, I don’t feel as though the XXXXXXX XXX a great job XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX own findings. Most XX XXX findings XXXX XXXXX through XXXXXXX XXXX had already XXXX completed. This study had no “XXXX evidence”. XXXX are XXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX outcomes XXXX using e-XXXXXXXXXX or XXX XXXXX XXXXXX tobacco products? XXXXX needs XX be an XXXXXX XXXX XXXX produce XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXX aid public XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX on the effects and outcomes.
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXX, X. X., &XXX; Stoney, X. X. (September 19, 2017). X-cigarette XXX XX a potential cardiovascular disease XXXX behavior.
American XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX 73(8). XXXXXXXXX XXXXhttp://dx.XXX.org.libauth.XXXXXXXXXXXX.edu/XX.XXXX/amp0000231
Darville, X &XXX; XXXX, E.J. (XXXXX XX, 2019). E-cigarettes XXX Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular XXXXXXX: What XXXXXXXXXX and Researchers XXXX to XXXX.
XXXXXXXX, Vol. XX (5). XXXXXXXXX fromhttp://XXX.XXXXXXXX.com/XX/
Hayden, X. (2017). Introduction XX XXXXXX Behavior XXXXXX (3rd ed.) Retrieved from
XXXXX://lccn.loc.gov/2017038327
Napoli, N (March 7, 2019). E-cigarettes XXXXXX to Heart XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX Artery XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX College XX XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXX from
https://XXX.XXX.XXX/about-acc/press-XXXXXXXX/2019/XX/XX/XX/03/ecigarettes-XXXXXX-to-heart-XXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX-artery-disease-XXX-XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX of X-Cigarette XXXXXXXXXXXX
Jane X. XXXXX
Purdue XXXXXXXXXX Global
XXXXXX XXXXXXXX Theory Goals XXX Objectives
XXXXXX Behavior and Summary XX Health Behavior Theory
XXXXXX XXXXXXXX in XXXXXX health XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXXX, and behavioral XXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXX theories are XXXXXX belief theory, reasoned action &XXX; planned XXXXXXXX, and XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX behavior. The health issue in XXXXXXXX XX on XXX use XX e-XXXXXXXXXX XXX how it XXXXXX cardiovascular XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX diseases XXXX in XXXXXXX death. XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX 1 in X people XXX as a result of cardiovascular diseases. XXXXXXX XX the main risk factor in XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. The XXXX XX e-XXXXXXXXX smoking among XXXXXX and adolescents XXXXXXXXX XXXX X.X% XX 8.5% in XXXX (XXXX &XXX; XXXXXX, XXXX). The increased XXXX XX XXXXX e-XXXXXXXXX means that XXX XXXXX rates as a XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX diseases will XXXX.
Goals XXX Objectives
The XXXXXX XXX XXX given XXXX is XX XXXX people XXXX everything XXXXX e-XXXXXXXXXX. Most people XXX’t know so XXXX about XXX e-XXXXXXXXX and its effects on their XXXXXX. Therefore, XXXXXXXXXXXXX electronic XXXXXXXXXX and its XXXXXX XX health XXXX XXXX in saving XXXXX of people.
XXXX 1: XX XXXXXXX information on XXXXX XX e-cigarettes
Objective 1: To XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXX.
Objective X: XX help people XXXX XXX long-term health affects XXXXX e-XXXXXXXXXX causes to XXXXX XXXXXX.
XXX XXXX XXXXXXX XX XXX XXXX is XX XXXXXX the mortality rate XX a result of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXX reason XXX XXXXXXXX XX save XXXXX XX because XXXXX are so many lives being lost XXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX diseases XXXXXX by XXXXXXX.
XXXX 2: To XXXXXXX the use of e-XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX and XXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX X: XXXXXXXXX the XXXXX XXX XXXXXX with long term effects XX the XXXXXXXXXX cigarettes XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXX XXX number of XXXXXX taking XXXX.
Objective 2: To XXXX lives XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX to cardiovascular XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX smoking.
The XXXXXXX for XXXX XXXX is to XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX which XXXXXXXXXX to the increase of XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX, it is important for XXXXXXX if XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX discourage XXXXXXX (XXXXXX, 2013).
XXXX X: To review XXX regulations XXX XXXXXXXX affecting the use of electronic cigarettes.
Objective 1: XX have a XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX the policies XXXX cause the XXXXXXX challenge XX increased e-XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX 2: XX know XXX policies that affect e-XXXXXXXXX smoking XXXXXXXXXX and how important they XXX in the fight to reduce smoking.
XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX
The XXXX XXXXXXXXX with XXX XXXXX interventions is helping people XXXXXXXX from smoking e-cigarettes after XXXXXXXXX XXXX on XXXXX effects. XXXX, the XXXXXXXXXXX XX smokers to listen or XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX on e-cigarettes is a great challenge.
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXX, K. X., &XXX;XXX; XXXXXX, X. X. (September XX, 2017). X-cigarette XXX XX a potential
Cardiovascular disease risk behavior. American Psychologist, XXX 73(8). Retrieved XXXX
XXXX://dx.doi.XXX.libauth.XXXXXXXXXXXX.XXX/XX.XXXX/amp0000231
Hayden, J. A. (2013). XXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX behavior theory. , : XXXXX &XXX; XXXXXXXX Publishers.
XXXXXXXXX XXX Multiculturalism in Public XXXXXX
Jane R. XXXXX
Purdue University Global
XXXXXX XXXXXXXX Theory Goals and XXXXXXXXXX
Diversity XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXXX covers XXX disparities that happen within the XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX. Disparity occurs as a result of different racial, ethnic, and XXXXXX XXXXXX of XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX cultures in a XXXXXXX. Culture XX a XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of how people in XXXXXXXXXX treat XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXX cultures. Diversity and multiculturalism XXXXXX XXX XXX clients XXX XXXXXXXXX form different hospitals XXXXXX the XXXXX (Hayden, XXXX). People have different XXXXXXX that XXXX XXXX to XX XXXXXXXX even in XXXXXXXXX. XX example of XXXX XXXXXX is XXXXXXX who seek XXXX in XXXXXXXXX hospitals. Research XXXXX that such XXXXXX tend XX suffer in most XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX culture XXX may have no XXXX to concentrate XX that.
Health diversity XXX also be based XX people’s skin XXXXX. XXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Disparities Report XXXX, XXXXX XXXXXX in XXX US XXXXXXXX XXXX medical care XXXXXXXX to XXX XXXXX people. That XX a clear XXXXXXXXXX that most XXXXXX in XXX XXXXXX care XXXXXXXXXX XX XXX consider diversity XXX multiculturalism. The main importance XX XXXXXXXXX diversity and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX in the XXXXXXXXXX field is to improve access to healthcare XXX all individuals despite their XXXXXXX or race. XXXX, it XXXXX improve client satisfaction with XXX services XXXXX (XXXXXXXXXX et XX., 2016). XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX with poor diversity increase XXX level of XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX for most clients and XXXXX XXXX XXX XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX to give XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX while in the XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX affect XXX way XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX clinicians. A healthcare XXXXXXXX XXXX no XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX employee trust making XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX communicate with the XXXXXXXXX. More so, XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX consideration increases innovation in XXX medical field. XXXXXXXXX cultures XXXX different XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXX thus XXXXXXXXXX comes in to XXXXXXXXXXX XXX ethnic groups.
There XXX three XXXXXX of public health interventions XXXXX include XXXXXXXXX health XXXX (XXXXXXX intervention), XXXXXXXXXXX (Secondary XXXXXXXXXXXX), XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX and general healthcare (tertiary XXXXXXXXXXXX) (XXXXX & XXXXXXXX, 2016). XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX in the medical field, it is XXXXXXXXX XX XXX in XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX perspectives. XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX include XXX XXXXXXXX, ethnic XXXXXX, culture, and socio-XXXXXXXX XXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX of considering such perspectives XX to improve access to XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX achieve the goals and XXXXXXXXXX. Secondly, it is crucial XX XXXX the XXXXXXXX that need to be XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX interventions for different groups to have an XXXXXXXXX communication. XXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX the culture XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX interventions XXXX accommodate the culture of XXX concerned XXXXXX.
XXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX and objectives are XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX of XXXXXX XXXX XXX cultures. My goals and objectives are inclusive because they XX XXX specify XXX XXXXXXX XX all. XXXX XXXXX that XXXX XXXXX be applicable XX nay XXXXXXX. However, when XXXXXXXXXXXX the goals XXX objectives, there are a XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX need to be XXXXXXXXXXX so XX XXX to XXXXX out XXXXXX XXXXXXX XX language barrier, culture or XXX XXXXX issue. The XXXXXXXXXX include provision of interpreter services XXXX informing XXXXXX about electronic XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX cultural awareness XXXXX employees, XXXX XXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX team up with traditional healers XXX communities XXXX such XXXXXX, XXXXXX clinic in remote XXXXX XXX easy access, and expanding operation XXXXX so XX XXX XX leave out any individual. Once all XXXXX strategies are XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX the goals and XXXXXXXXXX XXXX be XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX out XXXXXX due to diversity.
XXX reason XXX the given XXXX is XX XXXX people know XXXXXXXXXX about e-cigarettes. Most people don’t XXXX so XXXX XXXXX the e-cigarette and its XXXXXXX XX XXXXX health. XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX electronic cigarettes XXX its XXXXXX XX XXXXXX will help in saving XXXXX XX people.
Goal 1: XX XXXXXXX information on XXXXX of e-XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX X: XX XXXXXX awareness XX the product.
XXXXXXXXX 2: XX XXXX people know XXX XXXX-term XXXXXX XXXXXXX those e-XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX to their health.
The XXXX XXXXXXX of the XXXX is XX XXXXXX XXX mortality XXXX as a XXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXX reason XXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXX there are so XXXX lives XXXXX XXXX XXX XX cardiovascular XXXXXXXX XXXXXX by XXXXXXX.
Goal 2: To XXXXXXX XXX XXX of e-cigarettes among the XXXXX XXX XXXXXX.
XXXXXXXXX X: XXXXXXXXX the XXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXX long term XXXXXXX XX the electronic XXXXXXXXXX will help XX reduce the XXXXXX of people XXXXXX XXXX.
Objective 2: To save lives that XXXXX XXXX been lost to XXXXXXXXXXXXXX diseases because XX XXXXXXX.
The XXXXXXX XXX XXXX XXXX is XX understand regulations XXX XXXXXXXX which XXXXXXXXXX to the increase XX XXXXXXXXXX cigarette intake. Also, it is important XXX XXXXXXX XX XXXXX XXX policies that discourage smoking (Hayden, 2013).
Goal X: XX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXX affecting the use of XXXXXXXXXX cigarettes.
Objective X: To XXXX a meaningful outline of XXX XXXXXXXX that XXXXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX of increased e-cigarette smoking.
Objective X: To know XXX XXXXXXXX that affect e-cigarette XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX how XXXXXXXXX XXXX are in the XXXXX to reduce smoking.
References
Dreachslin, J. L., Gilbert, M. X., &XXX; Malone, B. (2016).XXXXXXXXX XXX cultural XXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXX XXXX: X systems XXXXXXXX. , : John XXXXX &XXX; Sons.
XXXXXX, X. A. (2013).Introduction XX health behavior XXXXXX. , : Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
XXXXX, X. L., &XXX; XXXXXXXX, E. N. (XXXX).Effective XXXXXXXXXXXXX in multicultural health XXXX XXXXXXXX. , : XXXX.