Macroeconomics
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Introduction
Obtaining data about a country’s economy can be easy and challenging at the same time. Data is essential as it helps one to get information after comparison and differentiation of these countries using particular data tools. For this research, the two African countries chosen were Rwanda and South Africa. Terms that will be used in this research paper will include the annual real GDP growth rate, annual GDP per capita growth rate, annual unemployment rate, gross domestic savings, and inflation rate. All these macroeconomic variables are crucial in drawing certain information about the two countries.
The Macroeconomic variables
The annual real GDP growth rate is used to measure growth rates in a country and compare it with other countries with different inflation rates. Also, it is essential to note that it avoids distortion caused in times of inflation and deflation in a country (Barro, 2017). Annual GDP per capita growth rate indicates how an economy’s production value attributes to an individual. Also, it is used to measure the prosperity of nations over time and compare them. The annual unemployment rate is the percentage of citizens in a country that does not work during a specific period even though they are able and willing to work. The unemployment rate in countries rises or falls depending on the country’s economic conditions. Gross domestic savings are the result of GDP less the final cXXXXXXXXXX expenditure XX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX the household sector, XXXXXX XXX private sector. XXX inflation XXXX is the XXXXXXXXXX showing prices of XXXXXXXXXXX in a XXXXXXX fell or XXXX in a year (XXXXX, 2016).
XXXXXXXX faced XXXX collecting data XX XXXXX variables.
One XX the biggest problems XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXX inconsistency XXXX XXXXXXX sources, XXXXXX it difficult XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX on XXX XXXXXX to use. The other XXXXXXX XXX getting the exact XXXXXX for the same XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX off XXXXX XXXX sources XXXX XXXX.
XXX research to XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX variables is XXXXXXXX. XXX XXXXXXX on Inconsistency of XXXX from XXXXXXX XXXXX was expected.
Graph XX Rwanda’s annual GDP growth XXXX
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In XXX year 1994, XXX annual GDP XXXXXX rate XXX at a XXXXXXXX XXXXX. The GDP growth rate XXX XX zero in XXXX and a sharp increase was recorded in the XXXX XXXX before XXX year ended. XX the subsequent years, XXX annual XXX growth XXXX XXX continued to increase XXX XXXX at different times XX XXX years. The highest GDP growth XXXXXXXX was in XXXX while the lowest recorded XXX in XXXX. In 2018, XXX XXXXXX growth rate was XXXXXXXX below XX. XXXX you compare the two years, it XXXXX XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXX in XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXX in the XXXX XXXX.
South Africa’s annual real XXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX-2018
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XXX XXXXXX XXXX GDP XXX South XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX the year XXXX to 2018. XX XXX graph XXXXX, the annual real XXX XXXXXX rate was XXXXX high XX the beginning, which XX 1995, which XXXX dropped off in 1996 and increased XXXXXXX in the consecutive XXXX. In XXXX, XXX annual real XXX XXXXXX rate decreased XX slightly XXXXX X. This shows how XXX the year XXX in terms XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. In 2000, XXXXX was an increase in the XXXX GDP growth rate XX above X. The XXXXXX rate was consistent XXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXXX XXX decreased XXXXXXX XXX XXXX 2003. The XXXXXX rate XXXXX increased sharply XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX. XXX XXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX at a negative value XXXXXXX XXXX XXX 2010. The XXXXXX XXXX XXX XXX XXXX increased to X in 2011 XXX slowly decreased in 2012. It XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX is no considerable XXXX or XXXX, XXXX XXX XXXX XXXX XXXX it decreased XXXXXXX the XXX. X negative XXXXX was XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX the XXX XX XXXX year, XXX in the following XXXX, it XXXXXXXXX. XX 2018, XXX annual XXXX XXX growth XXXX was at slightly above X%. X XXXXXXXX annual XXXX XXX XXXXXX rate XX a country can be XXXXXX by factors such as adverse XXXXXXX condition or some XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX.
Comparison of South Africa’s XXXXXX real GDP growth XXXX XX that of XXXXXX
XXX XXXXXX real GDP of Rwanda XXX XX a negative XXXXX in and increased towards XXX XXX of XXXX XXXXX XXXX of XXXXX XXXXXX started off with a positive value. South Africa’s annual real GDP growth rate once decreased to a XXXXXXXX in XXX XXXX 2009 XX XXXX as in XXXX. Rwanda has XXXXX recorded a negative XXXXXX real GDP growth rate since XXX XXXX 1995. For XXXXX Africa, the highest annual XXXX XXX growth XXXX XXX in the year 2007 while XXXX of Rwanda was in XXX XXXX 1995.
Rwanda’s annual XXX per capita growth XXXX
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The annual XXX per XXXXXX growth rate XX XXX country showed an increase in XXX XXXX 1995, XXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXXXX since XXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXX XX 2002 when it was lowest. XX XXXX, the annual GDP XXX capita XXXXXX increased XXXXXXXXX XXXXX 2018. XXX highest rate XXXXXXXX was in 2018 XXXXX the XXXXXX XXXXXXXX was in XXXX. A XXXX XXX XXXXX XXXX XXX citizens XX XXX XXXXXXX are XXXXXXXX more on domestic products XXXX on foreign XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX a trade surplus (XXXXXXXX &XXX; Varangis, 2019). On XXX other hand, a decrease in XXX annual GDP growth rate XXXXX XXXX people XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX foreign XXXXXXXX XXX XXXX on the XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX a trade deficit.
XXXXX XXXXXX’s annual XXX per XXXXXX growth XXXX
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In 1995, the annual XXX XXX capita XXXXXX rate was XXXXX high XXX slowly XXXXXXXXX in 2002. Later in the year, the GDP per XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX started XXXXXXXXXX XX XX but XXXXXXX a XXXXXX in 2008. From XXXX, a sharp increase in the per XXXXXX XXXXXX rate was recorded XXX later a XXXXXXXX XXXXX 2016. The XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX from XXXX to 2018. XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX GDP per capita growth rate XXXXXXXX was in 2011, XXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX in XXXX.
When one compares XXXXX African’s XXXXXX XXX per capita XXXXXX and XXXX XX XXXXXX, there XXX a drop in 2002. XXX countries must XXXX had similar XXXXXXXXXX causing the decrease. However, XXX XXXXXXX XXX XXX capita income for XXXXX XXXXXX was in 2011 while Rwanda XXXXXXXX XXX highest in XXXX.
Rwanda’s annual unemployment rate
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XXXXXX’s annual unemployment XXXX XXX continuously XXXXXXXXX since XXXX until 2004. XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX a XXXXXXXX in XXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX the XXX of 2008. XXX unemployment rates XXXXX increased in XXXX to 2015 when a XXXXXXXX was XXXXXXXX.
South XXXXXX’s XXXXXX unemployment rate
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XX XXXXX XXXXXX, XXX XXXX of unemployment increased XXXXXX XXXX 1995 XX XXXX and XXXXX increased in 2002. XXXXX 2003, the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX a XXXXX XXXXXXXX in unemployment rates until 2007 when unemployment XXXX XXX lowest (Pollin, XXXX). XX XXXX, there was an increase in XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX.
X comparison between XXXXX Africa XXX XXXXXX in XXXXX of unemployment shows XXXX South Africa is XXX ahead in XXXXXXXX XXXX for XXXXXX XXXX in XXXXXX. XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX in Rwanda XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXX in South Africa. A XXXXXX XXXX XX unemployment XXXXX a XXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXX is XXXX.
Rwanda’s gross domestic savings
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The gross domestic savings XXX Rwanda XXX a negative in 1995 XXX XXXXXX increased to the positive side in 2004. XXX country recorded an XXXXXXXX in gross domestic savings XX to 2014 XXXX it started falling. In 2015, the XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXX XXX rose since 2015 XXXX XXXX.
XXXXX XXXXXX’s XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX
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The XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX Africa XXXX been increasing XXXXX 1995 to 2018. The difference XXXXXXX XXXXX domestic XXXXXXX XXX XXX two XXXXXXXXX XX that that of South Africa is XXXXXXXXXXXX increasing while that XX XXXXXX shows an XXXXXXXX XXX other times a drop.
Rwanda’s XXXXXXXXX XXXX
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Rwanda’ s inflation XXXX XXX XXXXXXX in XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX a 55.XX% increase. Since then, XXX XXXXXXXXX rate decreased to a negative in XXXX. The inflation rate is however low in XXXX.
XXXXX Africa’s inflation XXXX
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The XXXXXXX inflation rate in South XXXXXX since XXXX was in XXXX XX XX.XX%. XX 2018, the rate was quite low meaning a XXXXXX XXXXXXXX condition. XXXXXXXXX South XXXXXX to Rwanda, Rwanda’s XXXXXXXXX rate XX lower than XXXX of South Africa in XXXX. XXXXXXX, Rwanda has XXX the XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX rate in XXXXXXX since XXXX.
XXX XXXXXXXX trends in XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX rate, gross domestic savings XXX inflation rate between XXXX XXX 2021
XXX unemployment XXXX in XXX two countries is expected to XXXXXXXX in XXXX, XX XXXX in XXX XXXXX. In XXXXXX, XXX unemployment XXXX could XXXXXX in XXXX XXX the rise in XXXX while in XXXXX XXXXXX, the Unemployment XXXX XXXXX reduce in 2020 and 2021. XXX XXXXX domestic XXXXXXX XXX XXXX countries is expected to increase. XXXXX XXXXXX’s XXXXXXXXX rate XX XXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXX in XXXX and increase in 2020 XXX 2021. The XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX Rwanda is expected to increase in the three consecutive years.
References
XXXXX, X. X. (2016).XXXXXXXXX. , :
Barro, R. (2017).Macroeconomics: A XXXXXX XXXXXXXX., : Cengage XXXXXXXX.
M, D. J. (2018). XXXX: Global economic data, XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX &XXX; XXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX://XXX.XXXXXXXX.com/XX
XXXXXXXX, X. X., & XXXXXXXX, X. N. (XXXX).XXXXXXX commodity prices and macroeconomic variables: A long-run relationship. , : XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX.
Pollin, R., Epstein, G. A., & Ndikumana, L. (2007).XX XXXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX program XXX south africa. , : Edward Elgar XXXXXXXXXX.